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Din ile İlişkisi Bağlamında Fıtratın Mahiyeti

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 3, 1765 - 1788, 15.12.2018

Adil Bor Harun Şahin

https://doi.org/10.18505/cuid.448089

Öz

Kur’an tasavvuru belli kavramlardan meydana gelmektedir. İnsanın fiziki ve manevî yönünü ifade eden fıtrat kavramı, Kur’an tasavvurunu ifade eden önemli kavramlarından biridir. Fıtrat kavramının ilk günden itibaren tefsircilerin ilgi odağı olması da bundandır. Genellikle fıtrat, İslam dini, ilk yaratılış ve insanın dini kabul etme potansiyeli olarak yorumlanmış ve bunların değişip değişmeyeceği üzerinde durulmuştur. Rum sûresinde geçen “khalqullah” ile Nisâ sûresinde geçen “khalqullah” terkiplerinin bulunduğu âyetler arasında bu çerçevede bağlantı kurulmuştur. Bu çalışmamızda fıtratın mahiyeti ile fıtratla ilgili âyetlerin birbiriyle ilişkilendirilmesi irdelenecek ve fıtratın temel unsurları üzerinde durulacaktır. Akıl, sevgi, aşk, güzel şeylere ilgi duyma ve çirkinliklerden kaçınmanın, insan fıtratının temel bileşenleri arasında yer alıp almadığı tartışılacaktır. Ayrıca fıtrat âyetinde geçen tebdîl kavramı ile Nisâ sûresinde geçen tağyir kavramının, aynı manayı ifade edip etmediği üzerinde durulacaktır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kur’an Din İnsan Fıtrat Fıtratın Temel Özellikleri Değişim

Kaynakça

  • Hasan, ‘Abbas. al-Nahv al-wāfī. Egypt: Dār al-Ma’rifah, 1979.
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  • Abussuūd. Irshād al-akl al-salīm and mazayaā al-Qurʾān al-Karīm. Ed. Abd al-Qadīr Ahmad ‘Ata. Riyādh: Maktabat al-Riyādh al-Hadise, nd.
  • Abū al-Husayin Muslim b. Hajjaj Kushayrī al-Nisāburī. al-Jāmi’ al-sāhīh. Ed. Muhammed Fuad Abd al-Bāqī. Dār al-Hayāt al-Turath al-Arabī, nd.
  • Abū Hilāl, al-Hasan b. Abdullāh b. Sahl al-Askarī. al-Furūk. Ed. Muhammed Bāsil Uyūn al-Suud. Beirut: Dār al-kutūb, 2010.
  • Abū Hayyān, Muhammad b. Yūsuf al-Andalusī al-Bahr al-muhīt. Ed. Adil Ahmad Abd al-mawjūd and Alī Muhammed Ya‘ud. Beirut: Dār al-kutūb, 1993.
  • Abū Al-Hasan, Mukātil b. Sulayman b. Basheer al-Azdee. Tafseeru Mukātil b. Sulaymān. Beirut: Dār al-kutūb, 2003.
  • ‘Aladdin ‘Alī b. Muhammad b. Ibrāhīm al-Baghdādī al-Hazen. Lubāb al-ta'wal fi mā'ni al-tanzīl. Ed. Muhammad Hasan Halebī, Hasan Hilmi Kutubi. Dār al-Fekr, nd.
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  • Akhfesh, Abū al-Hasan Sāed b. Masade al-Balkhī. Ma‘āni al-Qurān. Ed. Abd al-Emīr Muhammad Amin al-Werd. Beirut: ‘Alem al-Kutūb, 1985.
  • ‘Afef al-Turk Huseyin, al-Hubb fellāh fī al-kitāb wa al-sunnah. Master degree, Nejāh University, 2011.
  • ‘Abdulqāher al-Jurjāne. Dalīl al-Ijāz. Ed. Muhammad Abduh. Beirut: Dār al-Marifa, 2001.
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  • Baydawī, Abū al-Khair Abdullah b. Omar b. Muhammad Al-Shirāzī Anwār al-tanzīl and asrār al-tawīl. Beirut: Dār al-Marifa, 2013.
  • Bılgız, Musa. “Kişiliğin Oluşumunda Fıtrat ve Sosyal Çevrenin Etkisi (İsra 17/84 Ayeti Ekseninde)”. Journal of Ataturk University Faculty of Theology 25 (2006).
  • Düzgün, Şaban Ali, “İnsanın Doğası (Fıtratı) ve Özgürlüğü Üzerine”. KADER 14/2 2016.
  • Farrā, Abū Zakariyā Yahya b. Ziyād. Maānī al-Qurʾān. Beirut: Alam al-Kitāb, 1983.
  • Feeruz Abadī, Majd al-Dīn Muhammed b. Yakub. Basa’iru zavi al-tamyīz fī laŧa’if al-kitāb al-azīz. ed. Mu-hammad Alī al-Najjār. Beirut: Maktabt al-alameah. nd.
  • Fahd b. Abd al-Rahmān b. Sulaymān al-Rumī. Buhūsun fī usūli’t-tafsīr. Riyādh: Maktabt al-Tawabah, 1419.
  • Ibn Āshūr, Muhammad Tahir b. Muhammad b. Muhammad Tunūsī. al-Tahrīr wa’l-tanwīr. Tunisia: Dār Sahun, 1997.
  • Ibn Āshūr, Maqāsıd al-sharī ‘ah al-Islāmiah. Ed. Muhammad Al-Tahīr al-Miysārī. Beirut: Dār al-Banen, 2011.
  • Ibn ‘Ateya, Abū Muhammad Abdulhak b. Gālib Al-Andalusī. al-Muhareru’l-wajīz. Ed. Abdussalām Abd al-Shāfī Muhammad. Beirut: Dār al-kutūb al-Almeah, 2001.
  • Ibn al-Asir, Abū Al-Sa‘adāt Majduddīn Mubarek b. Muhammed. al-Nihaya fī gharip al-hadith. Ed. Muhammed Al-Tabahī, Tahir Ahmad Rāzī. Beirut: Dār al-hayāt al-turath al-Arabī. nd.
  • Ibn Al-Jawzī, Abū Al-Faraj Jamal al-Dīn Abd al-Rahmān b. Ali b. Muhammad Baghdādī. Zād al-masīr fī ilm al-tafsīr. Beirut: al-maktabah al-Isalāmiah, 1987.
  • Ibn Kathīr, ‘Imaduddin. Tafsîr al-Qurʾān al-Azīm. Ed. Sāmi Muhammad Salāme. Riyādh: Dār Taybah, 1999.
  • Ibn Manẓūr, Muḥammad ibn Mukarram. Lisān al-‘Arab. Beirūt: Dār Iḥyāʼ al-Turāth al-ʻArabī, 1997.
  • Ibn Taymiyyah, Abū’l-Abbās. Majmū fatwā Ibn Taymiyyah. Riyādh nd.
  • Izdihār bint Mahmūd b. Sabir al-Madānī. Ahkām tajmīl al-nisā. Riyādh: Dār al-fadilah, 2002.
  • Kurt, Yaşar. “Kur’an’da Fıtrat Kavramı”. Journal of Academic Researches in Religious Sciences 5/2 (2005): 72-104.
  • Kushayrī, Abū-al-Qāsim Abd al-Karīm b. Havāzin b. Abdulmalik. Latāif al-isharāt. Ed. Abd al-Latīf Hasan Abd al-Rahmān. Beirut: Dār Al-Kutūb al-Ilmiyah, 2000.
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  • Makārim Sheraze Tafsīr al-numūnah. Tahran: Dār al-Kutūb al-Islamiyah, 1342.
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  • Rashid Rizā, Muhammad. Tafsīr al-manār. Beirut: Dār al-Marifah. nd.
  • Murtaza Muttahirī. Fıtrat Üzerine. Translated by Ömer Çiçek. Istanbul: Bengisu, 1992.
  • Muhammād Husayin Fadl Allāh. Min wahy al-Qurʾān. Beirut: Dār al-malak, 1998.
  • Muhammed Bassām Rushdī el-Zain. al-Mu'jam al-mufahras li ma‘ani al-Qurʾān. Dār al-fikr, 1995.
  • Nasafī, Abū al-Barakāt Hafīz al-Dīn ‘Abdullāh b. Ahmad b. Mahmūd. Madārik al-tanzīl. Ed. Muhyi al-dīn Dīb Misto and Yūsuf Adil Badawī. Beirut: Dār Ibn Kathir.nd.
  • Okumuşlar, Muhiddin. Fıtrattan Dine. Konya: Yediveren, 2002.
  • Ozan, Saliha. Fıtrat (Dini Kabiliyet) Kavramının Psikolojik Açılımı. Master Thesis. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Univer-sity, Social Sceinces Instituation, 2012.
  • Qādı Abd al-Jabbār Mutashabihāt al-Qurʾān. Ed. Adnān Muhammed Zerzūr. Cairo: Dār al-turath, 1969
  • Qāsimī, Muhammed Jamal al-Dīn. Mahasin al-ta’wīl. Ed. Muhammād Fuād Abdulbākī. Dār ihyā kutūb al-Arabya, 1957.
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The Nature of Disposition (Fiṭrah) in Relation with Religion

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 3, 1765 - 1788, 15.12.2018

Adil Bor Harun Şahin

https://doi.org/10.18505/cuid.448089

Öz

The thought of the Qurʾān consists of certain concepts. The concept of “fitrah”, which expresses the physical and spiritual side of people, is one of crucial concepts which stands for the conception of the Qurʾān. It is for this very reason that the concept has caught the attention of scholars from the earliest times of Islam. Usually, the concept of “fiṭra” is interpreted as the religion of Islāmand the initial creation or the potential of human’s acception to religion and whether they can change or not. In this context, a connection has been established between the “word of khalqullah” in the capture of Rūm and the same word in Nisā. In this study, the essence of “fiṭrah” will be examined and the basic elements of “fiṭrah” will be elaborated on. Moreover, whether wisdom, affection, love and ugliness are among the basic components of fitrah or not will be discussed. In addition, possible connections between the verse of “Fiṭrah” and the words of “tabdīl” and “taġyīr” will be investigated.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Qurʾān Religion Human Disposition Basic properties of disposition Changing

Kaynakça

  • Hasan, ‘Abbas. al-Nahv al-wāfī. Egypt: Dār al-Ma’rifah, 1979.
  • Abū ‘Ubayda, Ma‘mar b. Musannā. Majaz Al-Qurʾān. Ed. Fuad Sezgin. Cairo: Dār Haniji. nd.
  • Abū al-Beqā, Eyyub b. Musa al-Kafawī. al-Kulliyat: Mujam fı al-mustalahāt. Ed. Muhammad Karīm Rācih. Beirut: Dār Iqraa, 1985.
  • Abussuūd. Irshād al-akl al-salīm and mazayaā al-Qurʾān al-Karīm. Ed. Abd al-Qadīr Ahmad ‘Ata. Riyādh: Maktabat al-Riyādh al-Hadise, nd.
  • Abū al-Husayin Muslim b. Hajjaj Kushayrī al-Nisāburī. al-Jāmi’ al-sāhīh. Ed. Muhammed Fuad Abd al-Bāqī. Dār al-Hayāt al-Turath al-Arabī, nd.
  • Abū Hilāl, al-Hasan b. Abdullāh b. Sahl al-Askarī. al-Furūk. Ed. Muhammed Bāsil Uyūn al-Suud. Beirut: Dār al-kutūb, 2010.
  • Abū Hayyān, Muhammad b. Yūsuf al-Andalusī al-Bahr al-muhīt. Ed. Adil Ahmad Abd al-mawjūd and Alī Muhammed Ya‘ud. Beirut: Dār al-kutūb, 1993.
  • Abū Al-Hasan, Mukātil b. Sulayman b. Basheer al-Azdee. Tafseeru Mukātil b. Sulaymān. Beirut: Dār al-kutūb, 2003.
  • ‘Aladdin ‘Alī b. Muhammad b. Ibrāhīm al-Baghdādī al-Hazen. Lubāb al-ta'wal fi mā'ni al-tanzīl. Ed. Muhammad Hasan Halebī, Hasan Hilmi Kutubi. Dār al-Fekr, nd.
  • Akçay, Mustafa. “İnsanlığın Ortak Dinî Temeli: Fıtrat”. Journal of Sakarya University Faculty of Theology 17 (2008): 125-158.
  • Akhfesh, Abū al-Hasan Sāed b. Masade al-Balkhī. Ma‘āni al-Qurān. Ed. Abd al-Emīr Muhammad Amin al-Werd. Beirut: ‘Alem al-Kutūb, 1985.
  • ‘Afef al-Turk Huseyin, al-Hubb fellāh fī al-kitāb wa al-sunnah. Master degree, Nejāh University, 2011.
  • ‘Abdulqāher al-Jurjāne. Dalīl al-Ijāz. Ed. Muhammad Abduh. Beirut: Dār al-Marifa, 2001.
  • Ahmad Abudussalām Ebu Mazirk. Irshād al-hayrān and tawjihat al-Qurʾān. Beirut: Dār al-Medāri al-Islamiah, 2011.
  • Ālūsī, Abū al-Fadl shihab al-dīn Mahmmad. Ruh al-Ma'ānī fe tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-azīm and sab al-masānī. Ed. Adnān Darwīsh W Muhammad al-Misrī. Beirut: Mouassasit al-Resalah, 1998.
  • Ahmad Izzet, Rājih. Usūl ilm al-Nafs. Cairo: Dār al-Ketab al-Arabi, 1967.
  • Isfahānī, al-Allame al-Raghib. Mufradāt alfāz al-Qurʾān. Ed. Safvān Adnān Dāvūdī, Damascus, Dār al-Qalam, 2002.
  • Baghavī, Muhialsunnah Abū Muhammad al-Husain b. Mas‘ud. Maālim al-tanzīl. Ed. Muhammed Abdullah al-Nemr, Osman Cuma Hamire and Sulayman Muslim al-Harsh. Riyādh: Dār Tayba, 1993.
  • Baydawī, Abū al-Khair Abdullah b. Omar b. Muhammad Al-Shirāzī Anwār al-tanzīl and asrār al-tawīl. Beirut: Dār al-Marifa, 2013.
  • Bılgız, Musa. “Kişiliğin Oluşumunda Fıtrat ve Sosyal Çevrenin Etkisi (İsra 17/84 Ayeti Ekseninde)”. Journal of Ataturk University Faculty of Theology 25 (2006).
  • Düzgün, Şaban Ali, “İnsanın Doğası (Fıtratı) ve Özgürlüğü Üzerine”. KADER 14/2 2016.
  • Farrā, Abū Zakariyā Yahya b. Ziyād. Maānī al-Qurʾān. Beirut: Alam al-Kitāb, 1983.
  • Feeruz Abadī, Majd al-Dīn Muhammed b. Yakub. Basa’iru zavi al-tamyīz fī laŧa’if al-kitāb al-azīz. ed. Mu-hammad Alī al-Najjār. Beirut: Maktabt al-alameah. nd.
  • Fahd b. Abd al-Rahmān b. Sulaymān al-Rumī. Buhūsun fī usūli’t-tafsīr. Riyādh: Maktabt al-Tawabah, 1419.
  • Ibn Āshūr, Muhammad Tahir b. Muhammad b. Muhammad Tunūsī. al-Tahrīr wa’l-tanwīr. Tunisia: Dār Sahun, 1997.
  • Ibn Āshūr, Maqāsıd al-sharī ‘ah al-Islāmiah. Ed. Muhammad Al-Tahīr al-Miysārī. Beirut: Dār al-Banen, 2011.
  • Ibn ‘Ateya, Abū Muhammad Abdulhak b. Gālib Al-Andalusī. al-Muhareru’l-wajīz. Ed. Abdussalām Abd al-Shāfī Muhammad. Beirut: Dār al-kutūb al-Almeah, 2001.
  • Ibn al-Asir, Abū Al-Sa‘adāt Majduddīn Mubarek b. Muhammed. al-Nihaya fī gharip al-hadith. Ed. Muhammed Al-Tabahī, Tahir Ahmad Rāzī. Beirut: Dār al-hayāt al-turath al-Arabī. nd.
  • Ibn Al-Jawzī, Abū Al-Faraj Jamal al-Dīn Abd al-Rahmān b. Ali b. Muhammad Baghdādī. Zād al-masīr fī ilm al-tafsīr. Beirut: al-maktabah al-Isalāmiah, 1987.
  • Ibn Kathīr, ‘Imaduddin. Tafsîr al-Qurʾān al-Azīm. Ed. Sāmi Muhammad Salāme. Riyādh: Dār Taybah, 1999.
  • Ibn Manẓūr, Muḥammad ibn Mukarram. Lisān al-‘Arab. Beirūt: Dār Iḥyāʼ al-Turāth al-ʻArabī, 1997.
  • Ibn Taymiyyah, Abū’l-Abbās. Majmū fatwā Ibn Taymiyyah. Riyādh nd.
  • Izdihār bint Mahmūd b. Sabir al-Madānī. Ahkām tajmīl al-nisā. Riyādh: Dār al-fadilah, 2002.
  • Kurt, Yaşar. “Kur’an’da Fıtrat Kavramı”. Journal of Academic Researches in Religious Sciences 5/2 (2005): 72-104.
  • Kushayrī, Abū-al-Qāsim Abd al-Karīm b. Havāzin b. Abdulmalik. Latāif al-isharāt. Ed. Abd al-Latīf Hasan Abd al-Rahmān. Beirut: Dār Al-Kutūb al-Ilmiyah, 2000.
  • Māturīdī, Abū Mansūr Muhammad bin Muhammad. Ta’vīlāt al-Qurʾān. Ed. Bekir Topaloğlu. Istanbul: Mizan Yayın Evi, 2008.
  • Māwardī, Abū Al-Hasan Alī b. Muhammad b. Habīb. al-Nukat wa al-uyūn. Ed. al-Sayyid b. Abd al-Maqsād b. Abd al-Rāhīm. Beirut: Dār al-kutūb. nd.
  • Makārim Sheraze Tafsīr al-numūnah. Tahran: Dār al-Kutūb al-Islamiyah, 1342.
  • Muhammad b. Yusūf Attafayyish Taysīr al-tafsīr. Ed. Ibrāhīm b. Muhammād Tilay. Ummān: Shirket Metabi’ al-Batine, 2006.
  • Rashid Rizā, Muhammad. Tafsīr al-manār. Beirut: Dār al-Marifah. nd.
  • Murtaza Muttahirī. Fıtrat Üzerine. Translated by Ömer Çiçek. Istanbul: Bengisu, 1992.
  • Muhammād Husayin Fadl Allāh. Min wahy al-Qurʾān. Beirut: Dār al-malak, 1998.
  • Muhammed Bassām Rushdī el-Zain. al-Mu'jam al-mufahras li ma‘ani al-Qurʾān. Dār al-fikr, 1995.
  • Nasafī, Abū al-Barakāt Hafīz al-Dīn ‘Abdullāh b. Ahmad b. Mahmūd. Madārik al-tanzīl. Ed. Muhyi al-dīn Dīb Misto and Yūsuf Adil Badawī. Beirut: Dār Ibn Kathir.nd.
  • Okumuşlar, Muhiddin. Fıtrattan Dine. Konya: Yediveren, 2002.
  • Ozan, Saliha. Fıtrat (Dini Kabiliyet) Kavramının Psikolojik Açılımı. Master Thesis. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Univer-sity, Social Sceinces Instituation, 2012.
  • Qādı Abd al-Jabbār Mutashabihāt al-Qurʾān. Ed. Adnān Muhammed Zerzūr. Cairo: Dār al-turath, 1969
  • Qāsimī, Muhammed Jamal al-Dīn. Mahasin al-ta’wīl. Ed. Muhammād Fuād Abdulbākī. Dār ihyā kutūb al-Arabya, 1957.
  • Qurtubī, Abū Abdullāh Muhammād b. Ahmad al-Ensārī. al-Jāmi‘ li ahkām al-Qurān. Ed. Hishām Samīr al-Bukhārī. Riyādh: Dār alem al-kutūb. nd.
  • Qazwīnī, Aḥmad Ibn Fāris. Muʻjam maqāyis al-lughah. Ed. Muhammad ‘Avd Murib - Anīse Fatime Muhammad Aslan. Beirūt: Dār Iḥyāʼ al-Turath al-ʻArabīyah, 2001.
  • Rāzī, Abū Abdullāh Fahr al-Dīn Muhammad b. Omar. Mafātih al-Ghayb. Beirut: Dār al-Fikir, 1981.
  • Sādi, Abd al-Rahmān b. Nasir. Taysīr al-Karīm al-Rahmān. Ed. Muhammed Zahri al-Najar. Beirut: Alem Al-Kutūb, 1988.
  • Sallabī, Abū Ishāk Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Ibrāhīm. al-Kashf wa-l-bayān. Ed. Sayyīd Kusrāvī Hasan. Beirut: Dār al-kutūb, 2004.
  • Samarkandī, Abū-l-Lais Nāshir b. Muhammad b. Ibrāhīm. Tafsīr al-bahr al-‘ulūm. ed. ‘Alī Muhammad Mu’arrid ve ‘Ādil Ahmad ‘Abd al-Mawjūd. Beirūt: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, 2006.
  • Sam'ānī, Mansūr b. Muhammad b. Abd al-Jabbār. Tafsir al-Qurān. Ed. Abū Bilāl Gunayim b. Abbās Guneyim. Medār al-Watan, 2011.
  • Samīn Al-Halabī, Ahmad b. Yūsuf Abduddāim. ‘Umdatu al-huffāz. Ed. Muhammad Basil Uyūnu’s-Suūd. Beirut: Dār Al-kutāb al-alameah, 1996.
  • Sayyīd Sharīf al-Jurjānī. al-Tarifāt. Beirut: Mektebetu Lebanon, 1985.
  • Shawkānī, Muhammad b. ‘Ali b. Muhammad. Fath al-qadīr. Ed. Abd al-Rahmān Amire. Dār al-wafah, 1994.
  • Tabarī, Abū Jafer Muhammad b. Jarīr. Jāmi al-bayān. Ed. Abdullāh b. Abd al-Muhsin al-Turkī. Cairo: Dār Hijr, 2001.
  • Tabarsī, Abū Ali Al-Fadl b. al-Hasān. Majmu’ al-bayān fi tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Beirut: Musasit al-Ala, 1995.
  • Taftazānī, Masud b. Omar. Sharh Mukhtasar al-Tasrīf al-Izzī. Ed. Salīm Mukram. Cairo: Al-Maktabat al-zahniyat li al-Turas, 1997.
  • Tusī, Abū Jafer Muhammad b. al-Hasan. al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Ed. Ahmad Habīb Kasir al-Amilī. Beirut: Dār Ilahyat al-Turath al-Arabī, 1963.
  • Yahyā b. Sallām. Tafsīr Yahyā b. Sallām. Ed. Hind Shablī. Beirūt: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, 2004.
  • Yāsin Muhammād, “Fıtrat ve İslam Psikolojisi”. Translated by F. Mahvash Kayani. Fitrah and Islamic Psycho-logy 3/2 (1995).80-110.
  • Zamakhsharī, Mahmūd b. ‘Omar. al-Kashshāf. Beirut: Dār al-Fikir. nd.
Toplam 65 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Din Araştırmaları
Bölüm Çeviriler
Yazarlar

Adil Bor 0000-0002-8784-5035

Harun Şahin 0000-0003-2834-2339

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Aralık 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Temmuz 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018Cilt: 22 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Bor, Adil - Şahin, Harun. “The Nature of Disposition (Fiṭrah) in Relation With Religion”. Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi 22/3 (Aralık 2018), 1765-1788. https://doi.org/10.18505/cuid.448089.
 Kapak Resmi İndir

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