Araştırma Makalesi
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Psychology of Religion and Family Studies

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 4, 69 - 99, 30.12.2021

Öz

It is known that scientific studies examining the relationship between religion and psychology mostly focus on the relationship between religiosity and mental health. However, in parallel with the increase in family studies in psychology, studies on religiosity and family relations have also started to increase in the field of psychology of religion. Results have been presented emphasizing the largely positive effects of religion on marital satisfaction, spousal conflict, parent-child relationship, family responsibilities, divorce, child education and general family functioning. The main purpose of this article is to present the results of family studies in the psychology of religion. In the study, the positive and negative effects of religiosity on family functioning under the headings of couple relationship, parent-child relationship and coping were discussed in the historical development of the relevant literature. Methodologically, the literature on scientific research conducted in America and the Middle East on the subject was reviewed, and the role of religiosity in marriage and family relations was examined by considering the studies carried out in our country. In addition to quantitative studies investigating the relationship between religion and family, qualitative studies that take into account the interpretative focus on how religiosity finds meaning in the individual mind and how it is integrated into family relationships are also included. Although family studies are less discussed in the psychology of religion compared to the individual effects of religiosity, it is seen that the interest in this field has increased especially in the last two decades, the effects of religiosity on the family system have become the subject of many scientific studies, and many empirical relationships have been identified between family and religion variables. The positive results of many studies examining the relationship between religiosity and health have provided the opportunity to consider religiosity from a broader perspective, from the individual to the family. However, researchers state that studies on religion and family life are still in the development stage in many ways. In this article, empirical studies examining the relationship between religiosity and family systems are discussed from a perspective that expands from the individual to the family. The main proposition of the article is that it is important to approach the current studies on the relationship between religion and family life from a holistic perspective, by shedding light on the historical course of family studies that are increasing day by day in the field of the psychology of religion.

Kaynakça

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Din Psikolojisi ve Aile Çalışmaları

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 4, 69 - 99, 30.12.2021

Öz

Din ve psikoloji arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyen bilimsel çalışmaların daha çok dindarlık ve ruh sağlığı arasındaki ilişkilere odaklandığı bilinmektedir. Bununla birlikte özellikle psikolojide aile çalışmalarının artmasına paralel olarak din psikolojisi alanında da dindarlık ve aile ilişkilerini ele alan çalışmaların artış gösterdiği görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda evlilik memnuniyeti, eşler arası çatışma, ebeveyn ve çocuk ilişkisi, aile içi sorumluluklar, boşanma, çocuk eğitimi ve genel aile işlevleri üzerine ve dinin büyük ölçüde olumlu etkilerine vurgu yapan sonuçlar ortaya konmuştur. Bu makalenin temel amacı din psikolojisi alanında gerçekleştirilen aile çalışmalarının sonuçlarını ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmada çift ilişkisi, ebeveyn çocuk ilişkisi ve başa çıkma başlıkları altında dindarlığın aile işleyişinde ortaya çıkan olumlu ve olumsuz etkileri ilgili literatürüntarihsel gelişim seyri içerisinde ele alınmıştır. Metodolojik olarak konuyla ilgili Amerika ve Ortadoğu’da yapılmış bilimsel araştırmalara ilişkin literatür taraması yapılmış, ülkemizde yapılan çalışmalar da ele alınarak dindarlığın evlilik ve aile ilişkilerindeki rolü incelenmiştir. Din ve aile ilişkisini araştıran nicel çalışmalara ek olarak özellikle dindarlığın psikolojik olarak nasıl anlamlandırıldığı, aile ilişkilerine nasıl entegre edildiğine dair yorumlayıcı merceği merkeze alan nitel araştırmalara da yer verilmiştir. Din psikolojisinde aile çalışmaları dindarlığın bireysel etkilerine kıyasla daha az ele alınır olmakla birlikte özellikle son yirmi yıldır bu alana ilginin arttığı, dindarlığın aile sistemine olan etkilerinin birçok bilimsel araştırmanın konusu haline geldiği, aile ve din değişkenleri arasında çok sayıda ampirik ilişkinin tespit edildiği görülmektedir. Dindarlık ve sağlık ilişkisini inceleyen çok sayıdaki araştırmanın bu iki olgu arasındaki ilişkiye dair ortaya koyduğu olumlu sonuçlar, dindarlığın bireyden aileye doğru daha geniş bir perspektiften ele alınmasına imkân sağlamıştır. Bununla birlikte araştırmacılar, din ve aile yaşamı üzerine yapılan çalışmaların birçok yönden henüz gelişme aşamasında olduğunu ifade etmektedir. Bu makalede, dindarlık ve aile sistemleri arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyen ampirik araştırmalar bireyden aileye doğru genişleyen bir perspektiften elealınmaktadır. Makalenin temel önermesi, din psikoloji alanında gün geçtikçe artan aile çalışmalarının tarihsel seyrine ışık tutarak din ve aile hayatı arasındaki ilişkiye yönelik yapılan güncel çalışmalara bütüncül bir bakış açısıyla yaklaşmanın önemli olduğudur.

Kaynakça

  • Abdel-Khalek A. M. & Singh A. P. (2014). Religiosity, subjective well-being, and anxiety in a sample of Indian University students. Arab Journal of Psychiatry, 25(2), 201-208.
  • Abdel-Khalek, A. M. (2008). Religiosity, health, and well-being among Kuwaiti personnel. Psychological Reports, 102 (1), 181-184.
  • Abdel-Khalek, A. M. (2013). The relationships between subjective well-being, health, and religiosity among young adults from Qatar. Mental Health, Religion, & Culture, 16, 306-318.
  • Abu-Ras, W. & Abu-Bader, S. H. (2008). The impact of the September 11, 2001, attacks on the well-being of Arab Americans in New York City. Journal of Muslim Mental Health, 3, 217-239.
  • Abu-Ras, W. & Ahmed, S. & Arfken, C. L. (2010). Alcohol use among U.S. Muslim college students: Risk and protective factors. Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 9(3), 206-220.
  • Aghababaei, N. (2013). Between you and God, where is the general factor of personality? Exploring personality-religious relationships in a Muslim context. Personality and Individual Differences, 52, 196-198.
  • Ahmadi, K. & Hossein-Abadi, F. H. (2009). Religiosity, marital satisfaction and child rearing. Pastoral Psychology, 57, 211-221.
  • Alghafli, Z. & Hatch, T. & Marks, L. (2014). Religion and relationships in Muslim families: A qualitative examination of devout married Muslim couples. Religions, 5(3), 814-833.
  • Al-Othman, H. M. (2012). Marital happiness of married couples in the U.A.E society: A Sample from Sharjah. Asian Social Sciences, 8, 217.
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  • Fincham, F. & Beach, S. (2014). I say a little prayer for you: Praying for partner increases commitment in romantic relationships. Journal of Family Psychology, 28, 587-593.
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  • Geçioğlu, A. R. (2019). Evlilikte dinin etkisini hissetme ve evlilik uyumu ilişkisi. Turkish Studies, 14(4), 621-642.
  • Goeke-Morey, M. & Taylor, L. & Merrilees, C. & Shirlow, P. & Cummings, E. (2014). Adolescents’ relationship with God and internalizing adjustment over time. Journal of Family Psychology, 28, 749-758.
  • Goodman, M. A. & Dollahite, D. C. (2006). How religious perceive the influence of God in their marriage. Review of Religious Research, 48, 41-155.
  • Gürsu, O. (2011). Ergenlik döneminde psikolojik sağlık ve dindarlık ilişkisi. (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Konya: Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Hatch, T., Alghafli, Z., Marks, L., Rose, A., Rose, J., Hardy, B., & Lambert, N. (2017). Prayer in Muslim families. Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work, 36, 73-95.
  • Hernadez, K. M. & Mahoney, A. & Pargament, K. I. (2011). Sanctification of sexuality: Implications for newlyweds’ marital and sexual quality. Journal of Family Psychology, 25, 75-780.
  • Hood, R. W. Jr. & Hill, P. C. & Spilka, B. (2009). The psychology of religion: An empirical approach (4 ed.). Guilford Press.
  • Hünler, O. S. & Gençöz, T. (2005). The effects of religiousness on marital satisfaction: Testing the mediator role of marital problem solving between religiousness and marital satisfaction relationship. Contemporary Family Therapy, 27(1), 123-136.
  • Inozu, M. & Karanci, A. N. & Clark, D. A. (2012). Why are religion individuals more obsessional? Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 43, 959-966.
  • Kelley, H. H. & Marks, L. D. & Dollahite, D. C. (2020). Uniting and dividing ınfluences of religion on parent–child relationships in highly religious families. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality. Advance online publication.
  • Kımter, N. (2015a). İlgili-seven anne-baba tutumları ile din ve dindarlık arasındaki ilişki üzerine. Dini Araştırmalar 18(46), 9-44.
  • Kımter, N. (2015b). İlgili anne-baba tutumları ve dindarlık: Üniversiteli gençler üzerinde ampirik bir araştırma. Bilimname, 29, 109-140.
  • Kim-Spoon, J. & Longo, G. S. & McCullough M. E. (2012). Adolescents who are less religious than their parents are at risk for externalizing and internalizing symptoms: The mediating role of parent-adolescent relationship quality. Journal of Family Psychology, 26, 636-41.
  • Koenig, H. G. (2011). Spirituality and health research: Methods, measurement, statistics, and resources. Templeton Foundation Press.
  • Koenig, H. G. & King, D. E. & Carson, V. B. (2012). Handbook of religion and health (2. ed.). Oxford.
  • Krägeloh, C. U. & Chai, P. P. & Shepherd, D. & Billington, R. (2012). How religious coping is used relative to other coping strategies depends on the individual’s level of religiosity and spirituality. Journal of religion and health, 51(4), 1137-1151.
  • Lambert, N. M. & Dollahite, D. C. (2006). How religiosity helps couples prevent, resolve, and overcome marital conflict. Family Relations, 55, 439-449.
  • Lazarus, R. S. (1993). From psychological stress to the emotions: A history of changing outlooks. Annual Review of Psychology, 44 (1), 1-22.
  • Lazarus, R. S. & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal and coping. New York: Springer.
  • Longman, C. (2008). Sacrificing the career or the family? Orthodox Jewish women between secular work and the sacred home. European Journal of Women’s Studies, 15, 223-239.
  • Luo, S. & Klohnen, E. C. (2005). Assortative mating and marital quality in newlyweds: a couple-centered approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(2), 304-26.
  • Mahoney A. (2005). Religion and conflict in family relationships. Journal of Social Issues, 61, 689-706.
  • Mahoney, A. (2010). Religion in families, 1999 to 2009: A relational spirituality framework. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72(4), 805-827.
  • Mahoney, A. & Pargament K. I. & Swank A. & Tarakeshwar, N. (2001). Religion in the home in the 1980s and 90s: A meta-analytic review and conceptual analysis of religion, marriage, and parenting. Journal of Family Psychology, 15, 59-596.
  • Mahoney, A. & Pargament, K. I. & Tarakeshwar, N. & Swank, A. B. (2008). Religion in the home in the 1980s and 1990s: A meta-analytic review and conceptual analysis of links between religion, marriage, and parenting. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 1, 63-101.
  • Mahoney, A., Pargament, K.I., Jewell, T., Swank, A.B., Scott, E., Emery, E., & Rye, M. (1999). Marriage and the spiritual realm: The role of proximal and distal religious constructs in marital functioning. Journal of Family Psychology, 13(3), 321-338.
  • Mahoney, A., Pargament, K.I., Murray-Swank, A., & Murray Swank, N. (2003). Religion and the sanctification of family relationships. Review of Religious Research, 44, 220-236.
  • Marks, L. D. (2004). Sacred practices in highly religious families: Christian, Jewish, Mormon, and Muslim perspectives. Family Process, 3, 217-231.
  • Myers, S. (2006). Religious homogamy and marital quality: Historical and generational patterns. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 68(2), 292-304.
  • Nelson, J. A. & Kirk, A. M. & Ane, P. & Serres, S. A. (2011). Religious and spiritual values and moral commitment in marriage: Untapped resources in couples counseling? Counseling and Values, 55, 228-246.
  • Pargament, K. I. & Feuille, M. & Burdzy, D. (2011). The brief RCOPE: Current psychometric status of a short measure of religious coping. Religions, 2(1), 51-76.
  • Pargament, K. I. & Smith, B. W. & Koenig, H. G. & Perez, L. (1998). Patterns of positive and negative religious coping with major life stressors. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 37(4), 710-724.
  • Putnam, R. D. & Campbell, D. E. (2010). American grace: How religion divides and unites us. New York: Simon & Schuster.
  • Regnerus M. D. & Elder G. H. (2003). Staying on track in school: Religious influences in high-and low-risk settings. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 2, 633-649.
  • Routledge, C. & Abeyta, A. A. & Roylance, C. (2016). An existential function of evil: The effects of religiosity and compromised meaning on belief in magical evil forces. Motivation and Emotion, 40(5), 681-688.
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  • Schramm, D. G. & Marshall, J. P. & Harris, V. W. & Lee, T. R. (2012). Religiosity, homogamy, and marital adjustment: an examination of newlyweds in first marriages and remarriages. Journal of Family Issues, 33(2), 246-268.
  • Simonic, B. & Mandelj, T. & Novsak, R. (2013). Religious-related abuse in the family. Journal of Family Violence, 28, 339-349.
  • Spilka, B. & Hood, R. W. & Hunsberger, B. & Gorsuch, R. (2003). The psychology of religion: An empirical approach (3. ed.). New Yok: Guilford Press.
  • Spilman, S. K., Neppl, K. T., Donnellan, M. B., Schofield, T. J., & Conger, R. D. (2013). Incorporating religiosity into a developmental model of positive family functioning across generations. Developmental Psychology, 49, 762-774.
  • Stark, R. (2012). America’s blessings: How religion benefits everyone, including atheists. Pennsylvania: Templeton Press.
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  • Uçar, E. (2018). Psikolojik iyi oluş yordayıcısı olarak dindarlık, evlilik doyumu ve problem çözme. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). İstanbul: İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Ungureanu, I. & Sandberg, J. G. (2010). “Broken together”: Spirituality and religion as coping strategies for couples dealing with the death of a child: A literature review with clinical implications. Contemporary Family Therapy, 32, 302-319.
  • Uysal, V. (2015). Gençlerde empati eğilimi, anne-baba tutumları ve dindarlık. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Din Psikolojisi Özel Sayısı, 7-40.
  • Vaaler, M. L. & Ellison C. G. & Powers, D. A. (2009). Religious influences on the risk of marital dissolution. Journal of Marriage and Family, 71, 917-934.
  • Walsh, F. (ed.). (2009). Spiritual resources in family therapy. (2. baskı). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Weyand, C. & OLaughlin, L. & Bennett, P. (2013). Dimensions of religiousness that influence parenting. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 5(3), 182-191.
  • Wilcox W. B. (2002). Focused on their families: Religion, parenting & child well-being. Working Papers 961, Princeton University, School of Public and International Affairs, Center for Research on Child Wellbeing.
  • Wortmann, J. H. & Park, C. L. (2008). Religion and spirituality in adjustment following bereavement: An integrative review. Death Studies, 32, 703-736.
  • Yadgar, Y. (2006). Gender, religion, and feminism: The case of Jewish Israeli traditionalists. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 45, 353-370.
  • Yapıcı, A. (2007). Ruh sağlığı ve din: Psiko-sosyal uyum ve dindarlık. Adana: Karahan Kitabevi.
  • Yıldız. K. (2017). Ailelerde çocuk disiplini ve dindarlık ilişkisi (Bursa örneği). (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Eskişehir: Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Zaheri, F., Dolatian, M., Shariati, M., Simbar, M., Ebadi, A., & Azghadi, S. B. (2016). Effective factors in marital satisfaction in perspective of Iranian women and men: A systematic review. Electronic Physician, 8(12), 3369-3377.
Toplam 98 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Din Araştırmaları
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Melike İlerisoy 0000-0001-9466-0410

Ali Ulvi Mehmedoğlu 0000-0001-8546-9614

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Ağustos 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA İlerisoy, M., & Mehmedoğlu, A. U. (2021). Din Psikolojisi ve Aile Çalışmaları. Türk Din Psikolojisi Dergisi(4), 69-99.

Türk Din Psikolojisi Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.