Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Democracy and Peace in Bosnia-Herzegovina: An Evaluation On the 2022 Elections

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 175 - 195, 31.03.2024

Merve Battal Sirkeci Muharrem Gürkaynak

https://doi.org/10.30692/sisad.1439691

Öz

Bosnia and Herzegovina is a Western Balkan country that survived civil war in the 1990s. The war ended with the Dayton Agreement signed on 14 December 1995 and a new political structure was established in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Dayton Agreement not only ended the war but also created a radical transformation in the political structure of the country. In other words, the Dayton Agreement brought a complex political system to the country. The logic of this complex system is based on the ethnic divisions shaped under the conditions of war. This complex system has managed to maintain peace until today. However, the political structure shaped by ethnic division prevents the country from democratization. The electoral system and what happened during the election period is an important example of ethnic division. From this point of view, this study aims to examine democracy and peace through the 2022 elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bosnia and Herzegovina Dayton Agreement Bosnian Elections Ethnic Division Democratization

Kaynakça

  • About SDP. (2022,11 Şubat). sdpba: https://www.sdp.ba/about-sdp/
  • AKOVA, S., KANTAR, G. (2020). Globalization in the Context of Multiculturalism and Ethnicity in the Western Balkans and Intercultural Communication, J Public Affairs, ss.1-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2185 adresinden erişildi.
  • ARAPOVIC, A., BRLJAVAC, B. (2016). Election System of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Catalyst of Unsuccesful Democratization, Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 16(1), ss.18-37.
  • BARBARIC, D. (2022, 11 Şubat). Osservatorio balcani causaso transeuropa. Između čekića i nakovnja: analiza Deklaracija triju dominantnih bosanskohercegovačkih stranaka – SDA, SNSD-a i HDZ-a: https://www.balcanicaucaso.org/bhs/zone/Bosna-i-Hercegovina/Izmedu-cekica-i-nakovnja-analiza-Deklaracija-triju-dominantnih-bosanskohercegovackih-stranaka-SDA-SNSD-a-i-HDZ-a-215758
  • Bosna-Hersek’te Hükümet Beş Ay Sonra Kuruldu. (2022, 5 Kasım). Akramedia, https://akra.media/Haber/HaberDetay/73981/bosna-hersekte-hukumet-bes-ay-sonra-kuruldu/?share=h73981
  • Bosna’da Hükümet Kuruldu. (2022, 5 Kasım). Aljazeera Turk, https://www.aljazeera.com.tr/haber/bosnada-hukumet-kuruldu
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina Population, (2022,15 Ekim). https://tradingeconomics.com/bosnia-and-herzegovina/population
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina, (2022,11 Kasım). European Forum for Democracy and Solidarity, https://europeanforum.net/countries-list/bosnia-and-herzegovina/
  • Bosnia i Hercegovina Popis 2013, (2022,15 Ekim). http://www.statistika.ba/
  • BIOGRADLIJA, L. (2023, 9 Mart). Bosnalı Sırp Lider Dodik : Mülklerimizi Bizden Almaya Kalkışırsanız Sırp Cumhuriyetini Ayıracağız, https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/bosnali-sirp-lider-dodik-mulklerimizi-bizden-almaya-kalkisirsaniz-sirp-cumhuriyetini-ayiracagiz/2841482.
  • Center for Strategic International Studies, (2018, 7 Ekim). Bosnia and Herzegovina General Election, https://www.csis.org/programs/europe-russia-and-eurasia-program/projects/european-election-watch/2018-elections/bosnia-and-herzegovina.
  • Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina, (2022, 25 Ekim). OHR Department for Legal Affairs, Sarajevo, chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.ohr.int/ohr-dept/legal/laws-of-bih/pdf/001%20-%20Constitutions/BH/BH%20CONSTITUTION%20.pdf
  • Constitution of Republika Srpska, (2022, 25 Ekim). OHR Department for Legal Affairs, chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.ohr.int/ohr-dept/legal/laws-of-bih/pdf/001%20-%20Constitutions/RS/RS%20CONSTITUTION%20OF%20REPUBLIKA%20SRPSKA.pdf
  • Council of Europe Electoral Assistance, (2022, 25 Ekim). Bosnia and Herzegovina, https://www.coe.int/en/web/electoral-assistance/elecdata-bosnia-and-herzegovina
  • DAVISON, J. (2013). What Matters to Social Democratic Party Voters? Liberal and Economic Interests Trump Ethnoreligious Identity in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Civis 2, ss. 5-19. url: https://scholarship.rollins.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1312&context=as_facpub adresinden erişildi.
  • EKİNCİ, M. (2014). Bosna-Hersek Siyasetini Anlama Kılavuzu, İstanbul: Seta Yayınları.
  • Elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, (2022,10 Mart), https://www.kas.de/documents/252038/16191335/Elections+in+Bosnia+and+Herzegovina.pdf/e3dcbc1b-d3be-ab69-b66d-9b946f7cc7bb?version=1.0&t=1665388981107
  • European Forum for Democracy and Solidarity, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2022, 12 Aralık). https://europeanforum.net/countries-list/bosnia-and-herzegovina
  • European Parliament, At a Glance, (2015, September). Bosnia and Herzegovina: Political parties, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/ATAG/2015/568324/EPRS_ATA%282015%29568324_EN.pdf
  • EWB, (2023, 30 August). Polarized reactions in Bosnia and Herzegovina following the ruling of the European Court of Human Rights, https://europeanwesternbalkans.com/2023/08/30/polarized-reactions-in-bosnia-and-herzegovina-following-the-ruling-of-the-european-court-of-human-rights/
  • GAVRIC, S. BANOVIC, D., BARREIRO, M. (2013). The Political System of Bosnia and Herzegovina Institutions-Actors-Processes, Sarajevo: Open Centre.
  • https://snsd.org/2022/10/dodik-vjerujem-da-cemo-izvanredan-izborni-rezultat-cak-i-popraviti/, adresinden alındı. (2022,14 Aralık).
  • https://tr.euronews.com/2022/06/07/s-rp-lider-dodik-ukrayna-savas-bosna-hersek-ten-ayr-lma-plan-m-z-erteletti,%20, (2022,14 Aralık).
  • https://www.ndi.org/publications/bosnia-and-herzegovina-s-october-2022-elections (2022, 15 Aralık).
  • https://www.rferl.org/a/bosnia-constitution-european-court-human-rights/32569688.html, (2023,5 Ekim).
  • https://perspektif.eu/2022/10/28/milorad-dodik-sirp-cumhuriyeti-baskani-oldu/ (2022, 20 Ekim).
  • https://n1info.ba/english/news/zeljko-komsic-for-n1-real-winner-of-2022-election-in-bosnia-is-hdz-bih/ (2022,3 Ekim).
  • HULSEY, J., KEIL, S. (2019). Ideology and Party System Change in Consociational Systems: The Case of Non-nationalist Parties in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 25(4), ss. 400-419.
  • International Crisis Group. (1999). Is Dayton Failing ? Bosnia Four Years After the Peace Agreement, Brussels : ICG.
  • International Election Observation Mission. (2022). Bosnia Herzegovina General Elections 2 October 2022 Statement of Preliminary Findings and Conclusions. url: https://www.oscepa.org/en/documents/election-observation/election-observation-statements/bosnia/statements-6/4552-2022-general/file#:~:text=PRELIMINARY%20CONCLUSIONS,the%20functioning%20of%20democratic%20institutions adresinden erişildi.
  • IVKOVIC, A. (2018, 16 Ekim). Elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina : Who Won and What It Means for the Future ?, https://europeanwesternbalkans.com/2018/10/16/elections-bosnia-herzegovina-won-means-future/.
  • İZZETBEGOVİÇ, A. (2016). Tarihe Tanıklığım, [(A. Erkilet, A. Demirhan, H. Öz (Çev.)]. İstanbul: Klasik Yayınları.
  • Key Political Parties, Balkan Insight, (2022, 4 Kasım). https://balkaninsight.com/2018/09/24/key-political-parties-09-21-2018/
  • KORKUT, H., MULALIC, M. (2009). Implications of Dayton Peace Agreement on Current Political Issues in Bosnia-Herzegovina, SDU Faculty of Arts and Sciences Journal of Social Sciences, Special Issue on Balkans, 2009(2), ss. 107-117, url : https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/117964 adresinden erişildi.
  • KULENOVIC, N., HASIC, J.,B. (2016). The Influences of Dayton Agreement on Institutions: Legislatures in Bosnia and Herzegovina, , L.Benedizione ve V. Rita Scotti (Ed.). içinde Proceedings of the Conference Twenty Years After Dayton: The Constitutional Transition of Bosnia and Herzegovina, S.63-81. Roma: LUISS Academy Publisher.
  • KURTIC, A. (2022, 14 Aralık). Bosnian Parties Pay Big for Benefits of Pre-Election Meta Marketing, Balkan Insight, https://balkaninsight.com/2022/12/05/bosnian-parties-pay-big-for-benefits-of-pre-election-meta-marketing/
  • MAKSIMOVIC, D., BIOGRADLJA, L. (2022, 5 Kasım). Anadolu Ajansı, https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/bosna-hersekte-yeni-hukumet-14-ay-sonra-kuruldu/1681957
  • MAZREK, S. (2022,10 Ekim). Bosna Hersek Seçim Sonuçları ve Seçim Yasası Reformu, Ankara Kriz ve Siyaset Araştırmaları Merkezi, https://www.ankasam.org/bosna-hersek-secim-sonuclari-ve-secim-yasasi-reformu/
  • MIRSAD, K. (2012). Bosnian General Elections of 2010 and The Post Election Crisis. Bilge Strateji, 4(6), ss. 71-103. url: https://kutuphane.dogus.edu.tr/mvt/pdf.php adresinden erişildi.
  • National Democratic Institute Bosnia Herzegovina’s 2014 Elections Reports, Bosnia And Herzegovina’s 2014 Elections Post Election Analysis. National Democratic Institute, (2022, 5 Ekim). https://www.ndi.org/sites/default/files/NDI%20BiH%202014%20Post-Election%20Analysis.pdf
  • NENADOVIC, M. (2012). Installing Democracy In The Balkans? Analysis of Political Party Assistance In Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosova, PhD Dissertation, Unversity of Amsterdam.
  • NIKSIC, S. (2022, 15 Aralık). Bosnia Election Expected to Re-legitimize a Failing System, https://www.news4jax.com/news/world/2022/09/30/bosnia-election-expected-to-re-legitimize-a-failing-system/
  • Office of High Representative, (2022, 26 Ekim). https://www.ohr.int/about-ohr/hr-and-his-deputies/,%20
  • Party Passport Bosnia and Herzegovina, (2020). European Party Monitor, Ku Leuven. url: https://soc.kuleuven.be/io/english/european-party-monitor/bosnia-and-herzegovina/party-passport-bosnia-and-herzegovina-ku.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • PETKE, S., GOEBEL, B. (2022, 12 Kasım). Konrad Adenauer Stiftung https://www.kas.de/documents/252038/16191335/Elections+in+Bosnia+and+Herzegovina.pdf/e3dcbc1b-d3be-ab69-b66d-9b946f7cc7bb?version=1.0&t=1665388981107
  • PIAZZA, C., BONALLA, D. (2016). Framing Dayton Agreements: Introductory Remarks, Centro Dı Studi Sul Parlamento, , Roma: Luiss Academy.
  • POPOVIC, I. (2022,20 Aralık). A Judgment Leaking from the European Court: The Case of Kovačević Bosnia and Herzegovina, Blog of the European Journal of International Law, https://www.ejiltalk.org/a-judgment-leaking-from-the-european-court-the-case-of-kovacevic-v-bosnia-and-herzegovina/
  • SAHADZIC, M. (2009). The Electoral System of Bosnia and Herzegovina: A Short Review of Political Matter and/or Technical Perplexion. Contemporary Issues, 2(1), ss. 61-78. url: https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/74211 adresinden erişildi.
  • ŞALE, H.Y. (2016). Bosna-Hersek’te Kamu Yönetiminde Reform Çalışmaları, Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(46), ss. 866-877. url: https://www.sosyalarastirmalar.com/articles/public-administration-reform-initiatives-in-bosnia-and-herzegovina.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • ŞİRİN ÖNER, N. A. (2013). Dram Sonrası Bosna: Mültecilerin Geri Dönüşü Üzerine Bir Alan Araştırması, İstanbul: IQ Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık.
  • ŞİRİN ÖNER, N. A., DEDEIC- KIRBAC, A. (2013). The Role Of The International Community In Bosnia and Herzegovina: The Case of Brçko District, Akademik Bakış Dergisi, S.35, ss. 225-240. url : https://www.akademikbakis.org/file/35.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • SOKOLIC, I. (2022, 15 Aralık). Assessing Bosnia and Herzegovina’s future following the 2022 election, blogs.lse.ac.uk, https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/europpblog/2022/11/08/assessing-bosnia-and-herzegovinas-future-following-the-2022-election/
  • TOUQUET, H. (2011). Multi Ethnic Parties In Bosnia-Herzegovina: Nasa Stranka and the Paradoxes of Postethnic Politics, Studies In Ethnicity and Nationalism, 11(3), ss. 451-467.
  • TÜRBEDAR, E. (2010). Barışın 15. Yıldönümünde Bosna-Hersek:Dayton Barış Antlaşması’nın Neticelerinin Değerlendirilmesi, Tepav Değerlendirme Notu. url: https://www.tepav.org.tr/upload/files/1292831752-6.Barisinin_15._Yildonumunde_Bosna_Hersek.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • TÜRBEDAR, E. (2021). Bosna-Hersek’te Milliyetçi Söylemlerin Tehlikeli Yükselişi:Tarih Tekerrür mü Ediyor?. Ankara Anadolu ve Rumeli Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(4), ss. 425-456. doi: https://doi.org/10.53838/ankarad.1034739 adresinden erişildi.
  • VULETIC, D. (2005). Organizational Structures And Internal Party Democracy In Bosnia Herzegovina, G. Karasimeonov (Ed.). içinde, Organizational Structures And Internal Party Democracy In South Eastern Europe, S.114-141. Sofia: Gorex Press.
  • WEBER, B. (2014). The Limits Of The EU’s Transformative Power In Bosnia Herzegovina Implications, C. Stratulat (Ed.). içinde, EU Integration And Party Politics In The Balkans. European Politics and Institutions Programme.
  • WOELK, J. (2016). The Constitutional Transition of Bosnia and Herzegovina Between Nationalism and European Conditionality, L. Benedizione and V. Rita (Ed.), içinde, Proceedings of the Conference Twenty Years After Dayton The Constitutional Transition of Bosnia Herzegovina, Roma: Luiss Academy.
  • ZDEB, A. (2015). General Elections 2014: Electoral Campaign and Result, A.Zdeb and M. Korzeniewska-Wiszniewska (Ed.). içinde, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Its Political Kaleidoscope: General Elections 2014 Report, Krakow.
  • ZDEB, A. (2016). The Need to Have Something ‘Of Their Own’: Croat Parallel Institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Swiss Political Science Review, 22(4), ss. 545–564. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/spsr.12231 adresinden erişildi.

BOSNA-HERSEK’TE DEMOKRASİ VE BARIŞ: 2022 SEÇİMLERİ ÜZERİNDEN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 175 - 195, 31.03.2024

Merve Battal Sirkeci Muharrem Gürkaynak

https://doi.org/10.30692/sisad.1439691

Öz

Bosna-Hersek, 1990’lı yıllarda ağır bir iç savaş atlatmış bir Batı Balkan ülkesidir. Savaş 14 Aralık 1995’te imzalanan Dayton Antlaşması ile sona ermiş ve Bosna-Hersek’te yeni bir siyasi yapı oluşturulmuştur. Dayton Antlaşması yalnızca savaşı sonlandırmamış aynı zamanda ülkenin siyasi yapısında radikal bir dönüşüm yaratmıştır. Bir başka ifadeyle, Dayton Antlaşması ülkeye karmaşık bir siyasi sistem getirmiştir. Bu karmaşık sistemin mantığı, savaş koşullarında şekillenen etnik bölünmüşlüğe dayanmaktadır. Bu karmaşık sistem bugüne kadar barışı sürdürmeyi başarmıştır. Ancak etnik bölünmüşlüğün şekillendirdiği siyasi yapı ülkenin demokratikleşmesine engel olmaktadır. Seçim sistemi ve seçim döneminde yaşananlar etnik bölünmüşlüğün önemli bir örneğidir. Buradan hareketle, çalışma Bosna-Hersek’teki demokrasi ve barışı 2022 seçimleri üzerinden incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bosna Hersek Dayton Antlaşması Bosna Seçimleri Etnik Bölünmüşlük Demokratikleşme

Kaynakça

  • About SDP. (2022,11 Şubat). sdpba: https://www.sdp.ba/about-sdp/
  • AKOVA, S., KANTAR, G. (2020). Globalization in the Context of Multiculturalism and Ethnicity in the Western Balkans and Intercultural Communication, J Public Affairs, ss.1-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2185 adresinden erişildi.
  • ARAPOVIC, A., BRLJAVAC, B. (2016). Election System of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Catalyst of Unsuccesful Democratization, Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 16(1), ss.18-37.
  • BARBARIC, D. (2022, 11 Şubat). Osservatorio balcani causaso transeuropa. Između čekića i nakovnja: analiza Deklaracija triju dominantnih bosanskohercegovačkih stranaka – SDA, SNSD-a i HDZ-a: https://www.balcanicaucaso.org/bhs/zone/Bosna-i-Hercegovina/Izmedu-cekica-i-nakovnja-analiza-Deklaracija-triju-dominantnih-bosanskohercegovackih-stranaka-SDA-SNSD-a-i-HDZ-a-215758
  • Bosna-Hersek’te Hükümet Beş Ay Sonra Kuruldu. (2022, 5 Kasım). Akramedia, https://akra.media/Haber/HaberDetay/73981/bosna-hersekte-hukumet-bes-ay-sonra-kuruldu/?share=h73981
  • Bosna’da Hükümet Kuruldu. (2022, 5 Kasım). Aljazeera Turk, https://www.aljazeera.com.tr/haber/bosnada-hukumet-kuruldu
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina Population, (2022,15 Ekim). https://tradingeconomics.com/bosnia-and-herzegovina/population
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina, (2022,11 Kasım). European Forum for Democracy and Solidarity, https://europeanforum.net/countries-list/bosnia-and-herzegovina/
  • Bosnia i Hercegovina Popis 2013, (2022,15 Ekim). http://www.statistika.ba/
  • BIOGRADLIJA, L. (2023, 9 Mart). Bosnalı Sırp Lider Dodik : Mülklerimizi Bizden Almaya Kalkışırsanız Sırp Cumhuriyetini Ayıracağız, https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/bosnali-sirp-lider-dodik-mulklerimizi-bizden-almaya-kalkisirsaniz-sirp-cumhuriyetini-ayiracagiz/2841482.
  • Center for Strategic International Studies, (2018, 7 Ekim). Bosnia and Herzegovina General Election, https://www.csis.org/programs/europe-russia-and-eurasia-program/projects/european-election-watch/2018-elections/bosnia-and-herzegovina.
  • Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina, (2022, 25 Ekim). OHR Department for Legal Affairs, Sarajevo, chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.ohr.int/ohr-dept/legal/laws-of-bih/pdf/001%20-%20Constitutions/BH/BH%20CONSTITUTION%20.pdf
  • Constitution of Republika Srpska, (2022, 25 Ekim). OHR Department for Legal Affairs, chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.ohr.int/ohr-dept/legal/laws-of-bih/pdf/001%20-%20Constitutions/RS/RS%20CONSTITUTION%20OF%20REPUBLIKA%20SRPSKA.pdf
  • Council of Europe Electoral Assistance, (2022, 25 Ekim). Bosnia and Herzegovina, https://www.coe.int/en/web/electoral-assistance/elecdata-bosnia-and-herzegovina
  • DAVISON, J. (2013). What Matters to Social Democratic Party Voters? Liberal and Economic Interests Trump Ethnoreligious Identity in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Civis 2, ss. 5-19. url: https://scholarship.rollins.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1312&context=as_facpub adresinden erişildi.
  • EKİNCİ, M. (2014). Bosna-Hersek Siyasetini Anlama Kılavuzu, İstanbul: Seta Yayınları.
  • Elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, (2022,10 Mart), https://www.kas.de/documents/252038/16191335/Elections+in+Bosnia+and+Herzegovina.pdf/e3dcbc1b-d3be-ab69-b66d-9b946f7cc7bb?version=1.0&t=1665388981107
  • European Forum for Democracy and Solidarity, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2022, 12 Aralık). https://europeanforum.net/countries-list/bosnia-and-herzegovina
  • European Parliament, At a Glance, (2015, September). Bosnia and Herzegovina: Political parties, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/ATAG/2015/568324/EPRS_ATA%282015%29568324_EN.pdf
  • EWB, (2023, 30 August). Polarized reactions in Bosnia and Herzegovina following the ruling of the European Court of Human Rights, https://europeanwesternbalkans.com/2023/08/30/polarized-reactions-in-bosnia-and-herzegovina-following-the-ruling-of-the-european-court-of-human-rights/
  • GAVRIC, S. BANOVIC, D., BARREIRO, M. (2013). The Political System of Bosnia and Herzegovina Institutions-Actors-Processes, Sarajevo: Open Centre.
  • https://snsd.org/2022/10/dodik-vjerujem-da-cemo-izvanredan-izborni-rezultat-cak-i-popraviti/, adresinden alındı. (2022,14 Aralık).
  • https://tr.euronews.com/2022/06/07/s-rp-lider-dodik-ukrayna-savas-bosna-hersek-ten-ayr-lma-plan-m-z-erteletti,%20, (2022,14 Aralık).
  • https://www.ndi.org/publications/bosnia-and-herzegovina-s-october-2022-elections (2022, 15 Aralık).
  • https://www.rferl.org/a/bosnia-constitution-european-court-human-rights/32569688.html, (2023,5 Ekim).
  • https://perspektif.eu/2022/10/28/milorad-dodik-sirp-cumhuriyeti-baskani-oldu/ (2022, 20 Ekim).
  • https://n1info.ba/english/news/zeljko-komsic-for-n1-real-winner-of-2022-election-in-bosnia-is-hdz-bih/ (2022,3 Ekim).
  • HULSEY, J., KEIL, S. (2019). Ideology and Party System Change in Consociational Systems: The Case of Non-nationalist Parties in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 25(4), ss. 400-419.
  • International Crisis Group. (1999). Is Dayton Failing ? Bosnia Four Years After the Peace Agreement, Brussels : ICG.
  • International Election Observation Mission. (2022). Bosnia Herzegovina General Elections 2 October 2022 Statement of Preliminary Findings and Conclusions. url: https://www.oscepa.org/en/documents/election-observation/election-observation-statements/bosnia/statements-6/4552-2022-general/file#:~:text=PRELIMINARY%20CONCLUSIONS,the%20functioning%20of%20democratic%20institutions adresinden erişildi.
  • IVKOVIC, A. (2018, 16 Ekim). Elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina : Who Won and What It Means for the Future ?, https://europeanwesternbalkans.com/2018/10/16/elections-bosnia-herzegovina-won-means-future/.
  • İZZETBEGOVİÇ, A. (2016). Tarihe Tanıklığım, [(A. Erkilet, A. Demirhan, H. Öz (Çev.)]. İstanbul: Klasik Yayınları.
  • Key Political Parties, Balkan Insight, (2022, 4 Kasım). https://balkaninsight.com/2018/09/24/key-political-parties-09-21-2018/
  • KORKUT, H., MULALIC, M. (2009). Implications of Dayton Peace Agreement on Current Political Issues in Bosnia-Herzegovina, SDU Faculty of Arts and Sciences Journal of Social Sciences, Special Issue on Balkans, 2009(2), ss. 107-117, url : https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/117964 adresinden erişildi.
  • KULENOVIC, N., HASIC, J.,B. (2016). The Influences of Dayton Agreement on Institutions: Legislatures in Bosnia and Herzegovina, , L.Benedizione ve V. Rita Scotti (Ed.). içinde Proceedings of the Conference Twenty Years After Dayton: The Constitutional Transition of Bosnia and Herzegovina, S.63-81. Roma: LUISS Academy Publisher.
  • KURTIC, A. (2022, 14 Aralık). Bosnian Parties Pay Big for Benefits of Pre-Election Meta Marketing, Balkan Insight, https://balkaninsight.com/2022/12/05/bosnian-parties-pay-big-for-benefits-of-pre-election-meta-marketing/
  • MAKSIMOVIC, D., BIOGRADLJA, L. (2022, 5 Kasım). Anadolu Ajansı, https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/bosna-hersekte-yeni-hukumet-14-ay-sonra-kuruldu/1681957
  • MAZREK, S. (2022,10 Ekim). Bosna Hersek Seçim Sonuçları ve Seçim Yasası Reformu, Ankara Kriz ve Siyaset Araştırmaları Merkezi, https://www.ankasam.org/bosna-hersek-secim-sonuclari-ve-secim-yasasi-reformu/
  • MIRSAD, K. (2012). Bosnian General Elections of 2010 and The Post Election Crisis. Bilge Strateji, 4(6), ss. 71-103. url: https://kutuphane.dogus.edu.tr/mvt/pdf.php adresinden erişildi.
  • National Democratic Institute Bosnia Herzegovina’s 2014 Elections Reports, Bosnia And Herzegovina’s 2014 Elections Post Election Analysis. National Democratic Institute, (2022, 5 Ekim). https://www.ndi.org/sites/default/files/NDI%20BiH%202014%20Post-Election%20Analysis.pdf
  • NENADOVIC, M. (2012). Installing Democracy In The Balkans? Analysis of Political Party Assistance In Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosova, PhD Dissertation, Unversity of Amsterdam.
  • NIKSIC, S. (2022, 15 Aralık). Bosnia Election Expected to Re-legitimize a Failing System, https://www.news4jax.com/news/world/2022/09/30/bosnia-election-expected-to-re-legitimize-a-failing-system/
  • Office of High Representative, (2022, 26 Ekim). https://www.ohr.int/about-ohr/hr-and-his-deputies/,%20
  • Party Passport Bosnia and Herzegovina, (2020). European Party Monitor, Ku Leuven. url: https://soc.kuleuven.be/io/english/european-party-monitor/bosnia-and-herzegovina/party-passport-bosnia-and-herzegovina-ku.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • PETKE, S., GOEBEL, B. (2022, 12 Kasım). Konrad Adenauer Stiftung https://www.kas.de/documents/252038/16191335/Elections+in+Bosnia+and+Herzegovina.pdf/e3dcbc1b-d3be-ab69-b66d-9b946f7cc7bb?version=1.0&t=1665388981107
  • PIAZZA, C., BONALLA, D. (2016). Framing Dayton Agreements: Introductory Remarks, Centro Dı Studi Sul Parlamento, , Roma: Luiss Academy.
  • POPOVIC, I. (2022,20 Aralık). A Judgment Leaking from the European Court: The Case of Kovačević Bosnia and Herzegovina, Blog of the European Journal of International Law, https://www.ejiltalk.org/a-judgment-leaking-from-the-european-court-the-case-of-kovacevic-v-bosnia-and-herzegovina/
  • SAHADZIC, M. (2009). The Electoral System of Bosnia and Herzegovina: A Short Review of Political Matter and/or Technical Perplexion. Contemporary Issues, 2(1), ss. 61-78. url: https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/74211 adresinden erişildi.
  • ŞALE, H.Y. (2016). Bosna-Hersek’te Kamu Yönetiminde Reform Çalışmaları, Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(46), ss. 866-877. url: https://www.sosyalarastirmalar.com/articles/public-administration-reform-initiatives-in-bosnia-and-herzegovina.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • ŞİRİN ÖNER, N. A. (2013). Dram Sonrası Bosna: Mültecilerin Geri Dönüşü Üzerine Bir Alan Araştırması, İstanbul: IQ Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık.
  • ŞİRİN ÖNER, N. A., DEDEIC- KIRBAC, A. (2013). The Role Of The International Community In Bosnia and Herzegovina: The Case of Brçko District, Akademik Bakış Dergisi, S.35, ss. 225-240. url : https://www.akademikbakis.org/file/35.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • SOKOLIC, I. (2022, 15 Aralık). Assessing Bosnia and Herzegovina’s future following the 2022 election, blogs.lse.ac.uk, https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/europpblog/2022/11/08/assessing-bosnia-and-herzegovinas-future-following-the-2022-election/
  • TOUQUET, H. (2011). Multi Ethnic Parties In Bosnia-Herzegovina: Nasa Stranka and the Paradoxes of Postethnic Politics, Studies In Ethnicity and Nationalism, 11(3), ss. 451-467.
  • TÜRBEDAR, E. (2010). Barışın 15. Yıldönümünde Bosna-Hersek:Dayton Barış Antlaşması’nın Neticelerinin Değerlendirilmesi, Tepav Değerlendirme Notu. url: https://www.tepav.org.tr/upload/files/1292831752-6.Barisinin_15._Yildonumunde_Bosna_Hersek.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • TÜRBEDAR, E. (2021). Bosna-Hersek’te Milliyetçi Söylemlerin Tehlikeli Yükselişi:Tarih Tekerrür mü Ediyor?. Ankara Anadolu ve Rumeli Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(4), ss. 425-456. doi: https://doi.org/10.53838/ankarad.1034739 adresinden erişildi.
  • VULETIC, D. (2005). Organizational Structures And Internal Party Democracy In Bosnia Herzegovina, G. Karasimeonov (Ed.). içinde, Organizational Structures And Internal Party Democracy In South Eastern Europe, S.114-141. Sofia: Gorex Press.
  • WEBER, B. (2014). The Limits Of The EU’s Transformative Power In Bosnia Herzegovina Implications, C. Stratulat (Ed.). içinde, EU Integration And Party Politics In The Balkans. European Politics and Institutions Programme.
  • WOELK, J. (2016). The Constitutional Transition of Bosnia and Herzegovina Between Nationalism and European Conditionality, L. Benedizione and V. Rita (Ed.), içinde, Proceedings of the Conference Twenty Years After Dayton The Constitutional Transition of Bosnia Herzegovina, Roma: Luiss Academy.
  • ZDEB, A. (2015). General Elections 2014: Electoral Campaign and Result, A.Zdeb and M. Korzeniewska-Wiszniewska (Ed.). içinde, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Its Political Kaleidoscope: General Elections 2014 Report, Krakow.
  • ZDEB, A. (2016). The Need to Have Something ‘Of Their Own’: Croat Parallel Institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Swiss Political Science Review, 22(4), ss. 545–564. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/spsr.12231 adresinden erişildi.
Toplam 60 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Avrupa ve Bölge Çalışmaları, Bölgesel Çalışmalar
Bölüm SOSYAL VE BEŞERİ BİLİMLER
Yazarlar

Merve Battal Sirkeci 0000-0003-2668-7608

Muharrem Gürkaynak 0000-0002-5371-0474

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 29 Mart 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mart 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 19 Şubat 2024
Kabul Tarihi 25 Mart 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Battal Sirkeci, M., & Gürkaynak, M. (2024). BOSNA-HERSEK’TE DEMOKRASİ VE BARIŞ: 2022 SEÇİMLERİ ÜZERİNDEN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME. Stratejik Ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(1), 175-195. https://doi.org/10.30692/sisad.1439691
AMA Battal Sirkeci M, Gürkaynak M. BOSNA-HERSEK’TE DEMOKRASİ VE BARIŞ: 2022 SEÇİMLERİ ÜZERİNDEN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME. ssad. Mart 2024;8(1):175-195. doi:10.30692/sisad.1439691
Chicago Battal Sirkeci, Merve, ve Muharrem Gürkaynak. “BOSNA-HERSEK’TE DEMOKRASİ VE BARIŞ: 2022 SEÇİMLERİ ÜZERİNDEN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME”. Stratejik Ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 8, sy. 1 (Mart 2024): 175-95. https://doi.org/10.30692/sisad.1439691.
EndNote Battal Sirkeci M, Gürkaynak M (01 Mart 2024) BOSNA-HERSEK’TE DEMOKRASİ VE BARIŞ: 2022 SEÇİMLERİ ÜZERİNDEN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME. Stratejik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 8 1 175–195.
IEEE M. Battal Sirkeci ve M. Gürkaynak, “BOSNA-HERSEK’TE DEMOKRASİ VE BARIŞ: 2022 SEÇİMLERİ ÜZERİNDEN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME”, ssad, c. 8, sy. 1, ss. 175–195, 2024, doi: 10.30692/sisad.1439691.
ISNAD Battal Sirkeci, Merve - Gürkaynak, Muharrem. “BOSNA-HERSEK’TE DEMOKRASİ VE BARIŞ: 2022 SEÇİMLERİ ÜZERİNDEN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME”. Stratejik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 8/1 (Mart 2024), 175-195. https://doi.org/10.30692/sisad.1439691.
JAMA Battal Sirkeci M, Gürkaynak M. BOSNA-HERSEK’TE DEMOKRASİ VE BARIŞ: 2022 SEÇİMLERİ ÜZERİNDEN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME. ssad. 2024;8:175–195.
MLA Battal Sirkeci, Merve ve Muharrem Gürkaynak. “BOSNA-HERSEK’TE DEMOKRASİ VE BARIŞ: 2022 SEÇİMLERİ ÜZERİNDEN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME”. Stratejik Ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, c. 8, sy. 1, 2024, ss. 175-9, doi:10.30692/sisad.1439691.
Vancouver Battal Sirkeci M, Gürkaynak M. BOSNA-HERSEK’TE DEMOKRASİ VE BARIŞ: 2022 SEÇİMLERİ ÜZERİNDEN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME. ssad. 2024;8(1):175-9.
 Kapak Resmi İndir

22785  15895    15433     15434     15435     17587    18452        18278      18279         18453        19048