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RECONSTRUCTED HETERONORMATIVE TENDENCIES ON REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN IN TRANSNATIONAL MIGRATION

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 3, 1578 - 1589, 25.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.1277480

Öz

The objective of this article is to offer a critical and analytical examination of transnational migration data, encompassing empirical studies that underscore the "emancipation" and "empowerment" of women in the economic, social, and political dimensions of transnational migration while elucidating how these elements reinforce binary gender conceptualizations. The article will follow this structure: Firstly, an investigation into transnational migration and its ramifications on the 'social transformation' of women's lives will be conducted. Secondly, an exploration into the portrayal of the economic status of immigrant and displaced women as "empowered" in the existing research and discourse, particularly through enhancements in social status. Thirdly, an examination of political empowerment within the context of evolving marital dynamics will be undertaken, delving deeper into the discourse surrounding gender. This article will elucidate how numerous scholars may perpetuate gender binaries by not engaging in a comprehensive critical analysis of gender while contributing to the ongoing discourse concerning women immigrants and refugees.

Kaynakça

  • Adhikari, R. (2013). Empowered Wives and Frustrated Husbands: Nursing, Gender and Migrant Nepali in the UK. International Migration, 51(6), 168-179.
  • Al-Ali, N. & Koser, K. (2002). Transnationalism, international migration and home. In New Approaches to Migration? Transnational Communities and the Transformation of Home (pp. 1-15). London: Routledge.
  • Blau, Francine D., Lawrence M. Kahn, & Jane Waldfogel. (2000). Understanding young women’s marriage decisions: The role of labor and marriage market conditions. Industrial and Labor Relations Review 53(4), 624-647.
  • Brah, A. (1996). Cartographies of diaspora: Contesting identities. London: Routledge.
  • Butler, J. (1999). Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. London: Routledge.
  • Callamard, A. (1999). Refugee women: A gendered and political analysis of the refugee experience. In A. Ager (Ed.). Refugees: Perspectives on the Experience of Forced Migration (pp. 194-214). London: Pinter.
  • Carling, J. (2005). Gender dimensions of international migration. Global Migration Perspectives, 35(1), 1-26.
  • Castles, S. (2016). Understanding global migration: A social transformation perspective. In An Anthology of Migration and Social transformation (pp. 19-41). USA: Springer & Cham.
  • Castles, S. & Miller, M.J. (1993) The age of migration: International population movements in the modern world. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
  • Donato, K. M., Gabaccia, D., Holdaway, J., Manalansan IV, M., & Pessar, P. R. (2006). A glass half full? Gender in migration studies. International Migration Review, 40(1), 3-26.
  • Ecevit, Y. (2021). Toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğinin temel kavramları. Türkiye’de katılımcı demokrasinin güçlendirilmesi: Toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğinin i̇zlenmesi projesi faz II toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğinin temel kavramları. (Basic concepts of gender equality. strengthening participatory democracy in Turkey: Monitoring gender equality project phase II basic concepts of gender equality) Ankara: Ceid Publishing.
  • Essed, P., Frerks, G. & Schrijvers, J. (2004). Introduction: Refugees, agency and social transformation. In Refugees and the Transformation of Societies (pp. 1-16). New York: Berghahn Books.
  • Evecen, A. & Kendir-Gök, Y. (2022). Cinsiyetle Giydirilmiş Bedenler (Gender Dressed Bodies). Ankara: Nobel Publishing.
  • Ferree, M. M. (1979). Employment without liberation: Cuban women in the United States. Social Science Quarterly, 60(1), 35-50.
  • George, S. (2005). Work: Nursing, women’s networks, and men “tied to a stake”. In When Women Come First (pp. 39-77). Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Hondagneu-Sotelo, P. & E. Avila (1997) “I’m here, But I’m there”: The meanings of Latina transnational motherhood”, Gender and Society, 11, 548–71.
  • Hsia, H. (2009). Foreign brides, multiple citizenship and the immigrant movement in Taiwan. Asian Pacific Migration Journal, 18(1), 17-46.
  • Kaşka, S. (2009). The new international migration and migrant women in Turkey: The case of Moldovan domestic workers. In A. İçduygu (Ed.), Land of Diverse Migrations: Challenges of Emigration and Immigration in Turkey (pp. 725–804). Istanbul: Istanbul Bilgi University Press.
  • Kaşka, S. (2020). Exploring “women” and “gender”: Trajectories of migration research in Turkey. In Women, Migration and Asylum in Turkey: Developing Gender-Sensitivity in Migration Research, Policy and Practice (pp. 66-122). Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Keough, L. J. (2008). “Driven” women: Gendered moral economies of women’s migrant labour in Post-socialist Europe’s peripheries. Unpublished PhD thesis, The University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
  • Lutz, H. (2010). Gender in the migratory process. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36(10), 1647-1663.
  • Mahler, S. & Pessar, P. (2006). Gender matters: Ethnographers bring gender from the periphery toward the core of migration studies. International Migration Review, 40(1), 27-63.
  • Matthei, L. M. & D. A. Smith (1998). Belizean “boyz ‘n the hood”? Garifuna labor migration and transnational identity. In M. P. Smith & L. E. Guarnizo (Eds). Transnationalism from Below (pp. 270–290). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
  • Nawyn, S. J. (2010). Gender and migration: Integrating feminist theory into migration studies. Sociology Compass, 4(9), 749-765.
  • Pedraza, S. (1991). Women and migration: The social consequences of gender. Annual Review of Sociology. 17(1), 303-325.
  • Pessar, P. (1984). The linkage between the household and workplace of Dominican women in the U.S. International Migration Review,18(4), 1188-1211.
  • Pessar, P. & Mahler, S. (2003). Transnational migration: Bringing gender in. International Migration Review, 37(3), 812-846.
  • Rosario, T. (2005). Bridal diaspora: Migration and marriage among Filipino women. Indian Journal of Gender Studies, 12(2-3), 253-273.
  • Salih, R. (2003). Ambivalent frontiers: Moroccan women, transnational migration and nation-states. In Gender in Transnationalism: Home, Longing and Belonging Among Moroccan Migrant Women (pp. 26-53). New York: Routledge.
  • Scott, J. W. (2007). Toplumsal cinsiyet: Faydalı bir tarihsel analiz kategorisi (Gender: A useful category of historical analysis) (A. T. Kılıç, Çev.). İstanbul: Agora Kitaplığı.
  • Shin, H. (2014). Migration, labor market, and prevalence of female-headed households in Mexico. International Review of Modern Sociology, 41-63.
  • Van Hear, N. (2010). Theories of migration and social change. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36(10), 1531-1536.
  • Yeoh, B., Leng, C. & Dung, V. (2013). Commercially arranged marriage and the negotiation of citizenship rights among Vietnamese marriage migrants in multiracial Singapore. Asian Ethnicity, 14(2), 139-156.
  • Yükseker, D. (2003). Laleli-Moskova mekiği: Kayıtdışı ticaret ve cinsiyet ilişkileri (Laleli-Moskow shuttle: Informal trade and gender relations). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Çelik, S. (8 March 2013). Afgan Kadınlar Türkiye'de Mutlu, Gelecekten Umutlu (Afghan Women are Happy in Turkey, Hopeful for the Future). Available at: https://www.haberler.com/yerel/afgan-kadinlar-turkiye-de-mutlu-gelecekten-umutlu-4404065-haberi/ .
  • Mazlumder (Association for Human Rights and Solidarity for the Oppressed) (2014) Available at: http://www.mazlumder.org/webimage/MAZLUMDER%20KAMP%20DIŞINDA%20YAŞAYAN%20KADIN%20SIĞINMACILAR%20RAPORU(22).pdf pp. 1-50.
  • Özkazanç, A. (2010). Bilim ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet: Postyapısalcı Bir Değerlendirme (Science and Gender: A Poststructural Evaluation). Available at: https://www.academia.edu/30766648/Bilim_ve_Toplumsal_Cinsiyet_Postyapısalcı_bir_değerlendirme
  • Radikal, (2015). Suriyeli kadınlar, acılarını halıya dokuyor. Available at: http://www.radikal.com.tr/kilis_haber/suriyeli_kadinlar_acilarini_haliya_dokuyor-1308655
  • Sabah, (2011). Suriyeli gelinler endişeli. Available at: http://www.sabah.com.tr/yasam/2011/12/14/suriyeli-gelinler-endiseli .
  • UN Women (14 September 2016a). In host country Lebanon, refugee and rural women build entrepreneurship, cohesion and future. Available at: https://www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2016/9/in-lebanon-refugee-and-rural-women-build-entrepreneurship
  • UN Women (14 September2016b). Abandoned wives of Tajik migrants overcome hurdles through self-help groups. Available at: https://www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2016/9/feature-story-abandoned-wives-of-tajik-migrants-overcome-hurdles

ULUSÖTESİ GÖÇTE KADINLARIN TEMSİLİNE İLİŞKİN YENİDEN İNŞA EDİLEN HETERONORMATİF EĞİLİMLER

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 3, 1578 - 1589, 25.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.1277480

Öz

Bu makalenin amacı, uluslararası göçün ekonomik, sosyal ve siyasi boyutlarına dair kadınların "özgürleşme" ve "güçlenme" süreçlerini eleştirel ve analitik bir bakış açısıyla incelemektir. Bu bağlamda, uluslararası göç verilerine dayalı olarak gerçekleştirilen amprik çalışmaları gözden geçirerek, bu süreçlerin toplumsal cinsiyet kavramlarına nasıl etki ettiğini açıklamayı amaçlamaktadır. Makale aşağıdaki yapıyı takip edecektir: İlk olarak, uluslararası göçün kadınların yaşamları üzerindeki "toplumsal dönüşümü" üzerine bir araştırma sunacaktır. Ardından, özellikle sosyal statüdeki gelişmeler yoluyla göçmen ve yerinden edilmiş kadınların ekonomik durumunun nasıl "güçlendirildiğini" gösteren mevcut araştırmalara ve tartışmalara odaklanacaktır. Son olarak, değişen evlilik dinamikleri bağlamında siyasi güçlenmeyi inceleyecek ve toplumsal cinsiyet üzerine yapılan tartışmaları derinlemesine ele alacaktır. Bu makale, birçok bilim insanının, kadın göçmenler ve mültecilerle ilgili süregelen tartışmalara katkıda bulunurken, toplumsal cinsiyetin kapsamlı bir eleştirel analizini yapmadan nasıl toplumsal cinsiyet ikiliğini pekiştirdiğini açıklayacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Adhikari, R. (2013). Empowered Wives and Frustrated Husbands: Nursing, Gender and Migrant Nepali in the UK. International Migration, 51(6), 168-179.
  • Al-Ali, N. & Koser, K. (2002). Transnationalism, international migration and home. In New Approaches to Migration? Transnational Communities and the Transformation of Home (pp. 1-15). London: Routledge.
  • Blau, Francine D., Lawrence M. Kahn, & Jane Waldfogel. (2000). Understanding young women’s marriage decisions: The role of labor and marriage market conditions. Industrial and Labor Relations Review 53(4), 624-647.
  • Brah, A. (1996). Cartographies of diaspora: Contesting identities. London: Routledge.
  • Butler, J. (1999). Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. London: Routledge.
  • Callamard, A. (1999). Refugee women: A gendered and political analysis of the refugee experience. In A. Ager (Ed.). Refugees: Perspectives on the Experience of Forced Migration (pp. 194-214). London: Pinter.
  • Carling, J. (2005). Gender dimensions of international migration. Global Migration Perspectives, 35(1), 1-26.
  • Castles, S. (2016). Understanding global migration: A social transformation perspective. In An Anthology of Migration and Social transformation (pp. 19-41). USA: Springer & Cham.
  • Castles, S. & Miller, M.J. (1993) The age of migration: International population movements in the modern world. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
  • Donato, K. M., Gabaccia, D., Holdaway, J., Manalansan IV, M., & Pessar, P. R. (2006). A glass half full? Gender in migration studies. International Migration Review, 40(1), 3-26.
  • Ecevit, Y. (2021). Toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğinin temel kavramları. Türkiye’de katılımcı demokrasinin güçlendirilmesi: Toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğinin i̇zlenmesi projesi faz II toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğinin temel kavramları. (Basic concepts of gender equality. strengthening participatory democracy in Turkey: Monitoring gender equality project phase II basic concepts of gender equality) Ankara: Ceid Publishing.
  • Essed, P., Frerks, G. & Schrijvers, J. (2004). Introduction: Refugees, agency and social transformation. In Refugees and the Transformation of Societies (pp. 1-16). New York: Berghahn Books.
  • Evecen, A. & Kendir-Gök, Y. (2022). Cinsiyetle Giydirilmiş Bedenler (Gender Dressed Bodies). Ankara: Nobel Publishing.
  • Ferree, M. M. (1979). Employment without liberation: Cuban women in the United States. Social Science Quarterly, 60(1), 35-50.
  • George, S. (2005). Work: Nursing, women’s networks, and men “tied to a stake”. In When Women Come First (pp. 39-77). Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Hondagneu-Sotelo, P. & E. Avila (1997) “I’m here, But I’m there”: The meanings of Latina transnational motherhood”, Gender and Society, 11, 548–71.
  • Hsia, H. (2009). Foreign brides, multiple citizenship and the immigrant movement in Taiwan. Asian Pacific Migration Journal, 18(1), 17-46.
  • Kaşka, S. (2009). The new international migration and migrant women in Turkey: The case of Moldovan domestic workers. In A. İçduygu (Ed.), Land of Diverse Migrations: Challenges of Emigration and Immigration in Turkey (pp. 725–804). Istanbul: Istanbul Bilgi University Press.
  • Kaşka, S. (2020). Exploring “women” and “gender”: Trajectories of migration research in Turkey. In Women, Migration and Asylum in Turkey: Developing Gender-Sensitivity in Migration Research, Policy and Practice (pp. 66-122). Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Keough, L. J. (2008). “Driven” women: Gendered moral economies of women’s migrant labour in Post-socialist Europe’s peripheries. Unpublished PhD thesis, The University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
  • Lutz, H. (2010). Gender in the migratory process. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36(10), 1647-1663.
  • Mahler, S. & Pessar, P. (2006). Gender matters: Ethnographers bring gender from the periphery toward the core of migration studies. International Migration Review, 40(1), 27-63.
  • Matthei, L. M. & D. A. Smith (1998). Belizean “boyz ‘n the hood”? Garifuna labor migration and transnational identity. In M. P. Smith & L. E. Guarnizo (Eds). Transnationalism from Below (pp. 270–290). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
  • Nawyn, S. J. (2010). Gender and migration: Integrating feminist theory into migration studies. Sociology Compass, 4(9), 749-765.
  • Pedraza, S. (1991). Women and migration: The social consequences of gender. Annual Review of Sociology. 17(1), 303-325.
  • Pessar, P. (1984). The linkage between the household and workplace of Dominican women in the U.S. International Migration Review,18(4), 1188-1211.
  • Pessar, P. & Mahler, S. (2003). Transnational migration: Bringing gender in. International Migration Review, 37(3), 812-846.
  • Rosario, T. (2005). Bridal diaspora: Migration and marriage among Filipino women. Indian Journal of Gender Studies, 12(2-3), 253-273.
  • Salih, R. (2003). Ambivalent frontiers: Moroccan women, transnational migration and nation-states. In Gender in Transnationalism: Home, Longing and Belonging Among Moroccan Migrant Women (pp. 26-53). New York: Routledge.
  • Scott, J. W. (2007). Toplumsal cinsiyet: Faydalı bir tarihsel analiz kategorisi (Gender: A useful category of historical analysis) (A. T. Kılıç, Çev.). İstanbul: Agora Kitaplığı.
  • Shin, H. (2014). Migration, labor market, and prevalence of female-headed households in Mexico. International Review of Modern Sociology, 41-63.
  • Van Hear, N. (2010). Theories of migration and social change. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36(10), 1531-1536.
  • Yeoh, B., Leng, C. & Dung, V. (2013). Commercially arranged marriage and the negotiation of citizenship rights among Vietnamese marriage migrants in multiracial Singapore. Asian Ethnicity, 14(2), 139-156.
  • Yükseker, D. (2003). Laleli-Moskova mekiği: Kayıtdışı ticaret ve cinsiyet ilişkileri (Laleli-Moskow shuttle: Informal trade and gender relations). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Çelik, S. (8 March 2013). Afgan Kadınlar Türkiye'de Mutlu, Gelecekten Umutlu (Afghan Women are Happy in Turkey, Hopeful for the Future). Available at: https://www.haberler.com/yerel/afgan-kadinlar-turkiye-de-mutlu-gelecekten-umutlu-4404065-haberi/ .
  • Mazlumder (Association for Human Rights and Solidarity for the Oppressed) (2014) Available at: http://www.mazlumder.org/webimage/MAZLUMDER%20KAMP%20DIŞINDA%20YAŞAYAN%20KADIN%20SIĞINMACILAR%20RAPORU(22).pdf pp. 1-50.
  • Özkazanç, A. (2010). Bilim ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet: Postyapısalcı Bir Değerlendirme (Science and Gender: A Poststructural Evaluation). Available at: https://www.academia.edu/30766648/Bilim_ve_Toplumsal_Cinsiyet_Postyapısalcı_bir_değerlendirme
  • Radikal, (2015). Suriyeli kadınlar, acılarını halıya dokuyor. Available at: http://www.radikal.com.tr/kilis_haber/suriyeli_kadinlar_acilarini_haliya_dokuyor-1308655
  • Sabah, (2011). Suriyeli gelinler endişeli. Available at: http://www.sabah.com.tr/yasam/2011/12/14/suriyeli-gelinler-endiseli .
  • UN Women (14 September 2016a). In host country Lebanon, refugee and rural women build entrepreneurship, cohesion and future. Available at: https://www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2016/9/in-lebanon-refugee-and-rural-women-build-entrepreneurship
  • UN Women (14 September2016b). Abandoned wives of Tajik migrants overcome hurdles through self-help groups. Available at: https://www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2016/9/feature-story-abandoned-wives-of-tajik-migrants-overcome-hurdles
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Cinsiyet Sosyolojisi
Bölüm SOSYOLOJİ
Yazarlar

Yeliz Kendir-gök 0000-0002-3500-8374

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 20 Eylül 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Eylül 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Kendir-gök, Y. (2023). RECONSTRUCTED HETERONORMATIVE TENDENCIES ON REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN IN TRANSNATIONAL MIGRATION. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, 13(3), 1578-1589. https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.1277480