Araştırma Makalesi
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Şefkatli Zihin Psiko-Eğitim Programının Kadınların Psikolojik Sağlamlık, Mutluluk ve Öz-Şefkat Düzeylerine Etkisi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 395 - 426, 27.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.21798/kadem.2023.140

Öz

Bu araştırma Şefkatli Zihin Psiko-Eğitim Programının kadınların psikolojik sağlamlık, mutluluk ve öz-şefkat düzeyleri üzerinde etkilili olup olmadığını sınamak amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, yaşları 25-58 arasında değişen 106 kadın katılımcı oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmaya katılım sağlayan kadınların psikolojik sağlamlık düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla Kısa Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği, mutluluk düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla Oxford Mutluluk Ölçeği Kısa Formu, öz şefkat düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla ise Öz-şefkat Ölçeği Kısa Formu uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada çalışma grubuna sekiz oturumdan oluşan 180 dakika süren bir program uygulanmıştır. Ön-test son-test kontrol grupsuz yarı deneysel desenin kullanıldığı araştırmada veriler, eşleştirilmiş iki grup t testi (paired samples t-test) ile çözümlenmiştir. Yapılan analizler Şefkatli Zihin Psiko-Eğitim Programının katımcıların psikolojik sağlamlık, mutluluk ve öz-şefkat düzeylerini yükseltmede olumlu bir etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Alizadeh, S., Khanahmadi, S., Vedadhir, A., & Barjasteh, S. (2018). The relationship between resilience with self-compassion, social support and sense of belonging in women with breast cancer. Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention: APJCP, 19(9), 2469.
  • Altuntaş, S., & Genç, H. (2018). Mutluluğun yordayıcısı olarak psikolojik sağlamlık: öğretmen örnekleminin incelenmesi [Resilience as Predictor of Happiness: Investigation of Teacher Sample]. Hacettepe University Journal of Education Faculty, 1, 15.
  • Aras, N. Y., Topkaya, N., ve Şahin, E. (2023). Yetişkin Bireylerde Cinsiyet, Çocukluk Çağı Travmaları, Yaşamda Anlam, Öz-Şefkat ve Psikolojik Sağlamlık Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. İçtimaiyat, 7(1), 1-1.
  • Argyle, M., Martin, M., & Crossland, J. (1989). Happiness as a function of personality and social encounters. Recent advances in social psychology: An international perspective, 189-203.
  • Arimitsu, K. (2016). The effects of a program to enhance self-compassion in Japanese individuals: A randomized controlled pilot study. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 11(6), 559-571.
  • Bacanlı, F., ve Çarkıt, E. (2020). Öz şefkatin cinsiyete göre incelenmesi: Meta analiz çalışması. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 21(2), 1-15.
  • Baker, D. A., Caswell, H. L. ve Eccles, F. J. R. (2019). Self-compassion and depression, anxiety, and resilience in adults with epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 90, 154-161.
  • Baker-Miller, J. (1986). Toward a new psychology of women. NY: McGraw Hill.
  • Beaumont, E., & Martin, C. J. H. (2016). A proposal to support student therapists to develop compassion for self and others through Compassionate Mind Training. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 50, 111-118.
  • Beaumont, E., Rayner, G., Durkin, M., & Bowling, G. (2017). The effects of compassionate mind training on student psychotherapists. The Journal of Mental Health Training, Education and Practice, 12(5), 300-312.
  • Begum, S., Jabeen, S., & Awan, A. B. (2014). Happiness: A Psycho-Philosophical Appraisal. Dialogue (pakistan), 9(3), 313-325.
  • Benzo, R. P., Kirsch, J. L., & Nelson, C. (2017). Compassion, mindfulness, and the happiness of healthcare workers. Explore, 13(3), 201-206.
  • Bluth, K., Campo, R. A., Futch, W. S., & Gaylord, S. A. (2017). Age and gender differences in the associations of self-compassion and emotional well-being in a large adolescent sample. Journal of youth and adolescence, 46(4), 840-853.
  • Boran Sarı, B. (2017). Üniversite öğrencilerinin bilişsel çarpıtmaları ile öz duyarlıkları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi [Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Maltepe Üniversitesi.
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  • Cole-King, A., & Gilbert, P. (2014). Compassionate care: the theory and the reality. In Providing compassionate healthcare (pp. 94-110). Routledge.
  • Condon, P., & Feldman Barrett, L. (2013). Conceptualizing and experiencing compassion. Emotion, 13(5), 817.
  • DeVore, R. (2013). Analysis of gender differences in self-statements and mood disorders. McNair Scholars Research Journal, 9, 7.
  • Di Bello, M., Carnevali, L., Petrocchi, N., Thayer, J. F., Gilbert, P., & Ottaviani, C. (2020). The compassionate vagus: A meta-analysis on the connection between compassion and heart rate variability. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 116, 21-30.
  • Diener, E., & Seligman, M. E. (2002). Very happy people. Psychological science, 13(1), 81-84.
  • Doğan, T. (2015). Kısa psikolojik sağlamlık ölçeği’nin Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. The Journal of Happiness & WellBeing, 3(1), 93-102.
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  • Evans, S., Wyka, K., Blaha, K. T., & Allen, E. S. (2018). Self-compassion mediates improvement in well-being in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program in a community-based sample. Mindfulness, 9, 1280-1287.
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The Effect of Compassionate Mind Psychoeducation Programme on Women's Psychological Resilience, Happiness and Self-Compassion Levels

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 395 - 426, 27.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.21798/kadem.2023.140

Öz

This study was designed to test whether the Compassionate Mind Psychoeducation Programme is effective on women's psychological resilience, happiness and self-compassion levels. The study group of the research consists of 106 female participants aged between 25-58 years. The Brief Psychological Resilience Scale was applied to determine the psychological resilience level of the individuals who participated in the study, the Oxford Happiness Scale Short Form was applied to determine their happiness levels, and the Self-Compassion Scale Short Form was applied to determine their self-compassion levels. In the study, a programme consisting of eight sessions lasting 180 minutes was applied to the study group. In the study in which a quasi-experimental design without pre-test post-test control group was used, the data were analysed with paired samples t-test. The analyses showed that the Compassionate Mind Psychoeducation Programme had a positive effect on increasing the psychological resilience, happiness and self-compassion levels of the participants

Kaynakça

  • Alizadeh, S., Khanahmadi, S., Vedadhir, A., & Barjasteh, S. (2018). The relationship between resilience with self-compassion, social support and sense of belonging in women with breast cancer. Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention: APJCP, 19(9), 2469.
  • Altuntaş, S., & Genç, H. (2018). Mutluluğun yordayıcısı olarak psikolojik sağlamlık: öğretmen örnekleminin incelenmesi [Resilience as Predictor of Happiness: Investigation of Teacher Sample]. Hacettepe University Journal of Education Faculty, 1, 15.
  • Aras, N. Y., Topkaya, N., ve Şahin, E. (2023). Yetişkin Bireylerde Cinsiyet, Çocukluk Çağı Travmaları, Yaşamda Anlam, Öz-Şefkat ve Psikolojik Sağlamlık Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. İçtimaiyat, 7(1), 1-1.
  • Argyle, M., Martin, M., & Crossland, J. (1989). Happiness as a function of personality and social encounters. Recent advances in social psychology: An international perspective, 189-203.
  • Arimitsu, K. (2016). The effects of a program to enhance self-compassion in Japanese individuals: A randomized controlled pilot study. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 11(6), 559-571.
  • Bacanlı, F., ve Çarkıt, E. (2020). Öz şefkatin cinsiyete göre incelenmesi: Meta analiz çalışması. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 21(2), 1-15.
  • Baker, D. A., Caswell, H. L. ve Eccles, F. J. R. (2019). Self-compassion and depression, anxiety, and resilience in adults with epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 90, 154-161.
  • Baker-Miller, J. (1986). Toward a new psychology of women. NY: McGraw Hill.
  • Beaumont, E., & Martin, C. J. H. (2016). A proposal to support student therapists to develop compassion for self and others through Compassionate Mind Training. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 50, 111-118.
  • Beaumont, E., Rayner, G., Durkin, M., & Bowling, G. (2017). The effects of compassionate mind training on student psychotherapists. The Journal of Mental Health Training, Education and Practice, 12(5), 300-312.
  • Begum, S., Jabeen, S., & Awan, A. B. (2014). Happiness: A Psycho-Philosophical Appraisal. Dialogue (pakistan), 9(3), 313-325.
  • Benzo, R. P., Kirsch, J. L., & Nelson, C. (2017). Compassion, mindfulness, and the happiness of healthcare workers. Explore, 13(3), 201-206.
  • Bluth, K., Campo, R. A., Futch, W. S., & Gaylord, S. A. (2017). Age and gender differences in the associations of self-compassion and emotional well-being in a large adolescent sample. Journal of youth and adolescence, 46(4), 840-853.
  • Boran Sarı, B. (2017). Üniversite öğrencilerinin bilişsel çarpıtmaları ile öz duyarlıkları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi [Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Maltepe Üniversitesi.
  • Cohen, S. B. (2002). Happiness and the immune system. Positive Health, 82, 9-12.
  • Cole-King, A., & Gilbert, P. (2014). Compassionate care: the theory and the reality. In Providing compassionate healthcare (pp. 94-110). Routledge.
  • Condon, P., & Feldman Barrett, L. (2013). Conceptualizing and experiencing compassion. Emotion, 13(5), 817.
  • DeVore, R. (2013). Analysis of gender differences in self-statements and mood disorders. McNair Scholars Research Journal, 9, 7.
  • Di Bello, M., Carnevali, L., Petrocchi, N., Thayer, J. F., Gilbert, P., & Ottaviani, C. (2020). The compassionate vagus: A meta-analysis on the connection between compassion and heart rate variability. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 116, 21-30.
  • Diener, E., & Seligman, M. E. (2002). Very happy people. Psychological science, 13(1), 81-84.
  • Doğan, T. (2015). Kısa psikolojik sağlamlık ölçeği’nin Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. The Journal of Happiness & WellBeing, 3(1), 93-102.
  • Doğan, T., ve Çötok, N. A. (2011). Oxford mutluluk ölçeği kısa formunun Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Adaptation of the short form of the Oxford happiness questionnaire into Turkish: A validity and reliability study]. Türk Psikolojik Danışma Ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(36), 165-172.
  • Eryılmaz, A. (2010). Ergenlerde öznel iyi oluşu arttırma stratejilerini kullanma ile akademik motivasyon arasındaki ilişki. Klinik Psikiyatri, 13, 77-84.
  • Evans, S., Wyka, K., Blaha, K. T., & Allen, E. S. (2018). Self-compassion mediates improvement in well-being in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program in a community-based sample. Mindfulness, 9, 1280-1287.
  • Finlay‐Jones, A., Kane, R., & Rees, C. (2017). Self‐compassion online: A pilot study of an internet‐based self‐compassion cultivation program for psychology trainees. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 73(7), 797-816.
  • Finlay-Jones, A., Xie, Q., Huang, X., Ma, X., & Guo, X. (2018). A pilot study of the 8-week mindful self-compassion training program in a Chinese community sample. Mindfulness, 9(3), 993-1002.
  • Gentile, B., Grabe, S., Dolan-Pascoe, B., Twenge, J. M., Wells, B. E., & Maitino, A. (2009). Gender differences in domain-specific self-esteem: A metaanalysis. Review of General Psychology, 13(1), 34-45.
  • Germer, C. (2009). The mindful path to self-compassion: Freeing yourself from destructive thoughts and emotions. Guilford Press.
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  • Gilbert, P. (2009a). The compassionate mind. Robinson.
  • Gilbert, P. (2009b). Introducing compassion-focused therapy. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 15(3), 199-208.
  • Gilbert, P. (2010). Compassion focused therapy: Distinctive features. Routledge.
  • Gilbert, P. (2012). Compassion focused therapy. In W. Dryden (Ed.), Cognitive behaviour therapy (pp. 140–165). Sage.
  • Gilbert, P. (Ed.). (2017). Compassion: Concepts, research and applications. Taylor & Francis. Gilbert, P., & Procter, S. (2006). Compassionate mind training for people with high shame and self-criticism: Overview and pilot study of a group therapy approach. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy: An International Journal of Theory & Practice, 13(6), 353-379.
  • Goetz, J. L., Keltner, D., & Simon-Thomas, E. (2010). Compassion: an evolutionary analysis and empirical review. Psychological Bulletin, 136(3), 351.
  • Gooding, P. A., Hurst, A., Johnson, J., & Tarrier, N. (2012). Psychological resilience in young and older adults. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 27(3), 262-270.
  • Göktaş, I. (2023). Öz-şefkat eğitiminin 4-5 yaş çocuklarının öz-düzenleme becerileri üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Hoffer, A. (2015). Freud and the Buddha: The Couch and the Cushion. Routledge.
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  • Irons, C. (2014). Compassion: Evolutionary understandings and the development of Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT).
  • Irons, C., & Heriot‐Maitland, C. (2021). Compassionate mind training: An 8‐week group for the general public. Psychology and psychotherapy: Theory, Research And Practice, 94(3), 443-463.
  • İme, Y. (2018). Ergenlerin çocukluk örselenme yaşantıları ile öz-anlayışları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi.
  • Jazaieri, H., Jinpa, G. T., McGonigal, K., Rosenberg, E. L., Finkelstein, J., SimonThomas, E., Margaret, Cullen., James R. Doty., & Goldin, P. R. (2013). Enhancing compassion: A randomized controlled trial of a compassion cultivation training program. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14(4), 1113–1126.
  • Johnson, D. P., & Whisman, M. A. (2013). Gender differences in rumination: A meta-analysis. Personality and İndividual Differences, 55(4), 367-374.
  • Kanov, J. M., Maitlis, S., Worline, M. C., Dutton, J. E., Frost, P. J., & Lilius, J. M. (2004). Compassion in organizational life. American Behavioral Scientist, 47(6), 808-827.
  • Karamış, B. (2021). Effects of self-compassion exercises on flow state, enjoyment/anxiety and self-compassion during language learning(Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Çağ Üniversitesi.
  • Kaufman G (1989) The Psychology of Shame. Springer.
  • Keyes, C. L., & Haidt, J. (Eds.). (2003). Flourishing: Positive psychology and the life well-lived (pp. 275-289). American Psychological Association.
  • Kim, J. J., Parker, S. L., Doty, J. R., Cunnington, R., Gilbert, P., & Kirby, J. N. (2020). Neurophysiological and behavioural markers of compassion. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 6789.
  • Kirby, J. N., Day, J., & Sagar, V. (2019). The ‘Flow’of compassion: A metaanalysis of the fears of compassion scales and psychological functioning. Clinical Psychology Review, 70, 26-39.
  • Kirby, J. N., Tellegen, C. L., & Steindl, S. R. (2017). A meta-analysis of compassion-based interventions: Current state of knowledge and future directions. Behavior Therapy, 48(6), 778-792.
  • Kling, K. C., Hyde, J. S., Showers, C. J., & Buswell, B. N. (1999). Gender differences in self-esteem: a meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 125(4), 470.
  • Krieger, T., Martig, D. S., van den Brink, E., & Berger, T. (2016). Working on self-compassion online: A proof of concept and feasibility study. Internet Interventions, 6, 64-70.
  • Kuzu, S. (2011). Öğretmen adaylarının kaynaştırma eğitimine yönelik tutumları ve öz duyarlık düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması. (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Marmara Üniversitesi.
  • Layous, K., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2014). The how, why, what, when, and who of happiness. Positive emotion: Integrating the light sides and dark sides, 473-495.
  • Leadbeater, B. J., Kuperminc, G. P., Blatt, S. J., & Hertzog, C. (1999). A multivariate model of gender differences in adolescents’ internalizing and externalizing problems. Developmental Psychology, 35(5), 1268.
  • Leaviss, J., & Uttley, L. (2015). Psychotherapeutic benefits of compassionfocused therapy: An early systematic review. Psychological Medicine, 45(5), 927-945.
  • Lee Duckworth, A., Steen, T. A., & Seligman, M. E. (2005). Positive psychology in clinical practice. Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol., 1, 629-651. Luthar, S. S., Lyman, E. L., & Crossman, E. J. (2014). Resilience and positive psychology. In Handbook of developmental psychopathology (pp. 125-140). Springer US.
  • Lutz, A., Brefczynski-Lewis, J., Johnstone, T., & Davidson, R. J. (2008). Regulation of the neural circuitry of emotion by compassion meditation: effects of meditative expertise. PloS One, 3(3), 1897.
  • MacBeth, A. ve Gumley, A. (2012). Exploring compassion: a meta-analysis of the association between self-compassion and psychopathology. Clinical Psychology Review, 32(6), 545-552.
  • Mantelou, A., & Karakasidou, E. (2017). The effectiveness of a brief selfcompassion intervention program on self-compassion, positive and negative affect and life satisfaction. Psychology, 8(4), 590-610.
  • Maratos, F. A., Montague, J., Ashra, H., Welford, M., Wood, W., Barnes, C., ... & Gilbert, P. (2019). Evaluation of a compassionate mind training intervention with school teachers and support staff. Mindfulness, 10, 2245-2258.
  • Matos, M., Duarte, C., Duarte, J., Pinto-Gouveia, J., Petrocchi, N., Basran, J., & Gilbert, P. (2017). Psychological and physiological effects of compassionate mind training: A pilot randomised controlled study. Mindfulness, 8, 1699–1712.
  • Mülazım, Ö. Ç. (2022). Öz-şefkat geliştirme programının üniversite öğrencilerinin öz-şefkat ve kendini affetme düzeylerine etkisi. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Uludağ Üniversitesi.
  • Neely, M. E., Schallert, D. L., Mohammed, S. S., Roberts, R. M., & Chen, Y. J. (2009). Self-kindness when facing stress: The role of selfcompassion, goal regulation, and support in college students’ wellbeing. Motivation and Emotion, 33, 88-97.
  • Neff, K. D. (2003). The development and validation of a scale to measure selfcompassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223-250.
  • Neff, K. D. ve Costigan, A. P. (2014). Self-compassion, wellbeing, and happiness. Psychologie in Österreich, 2(3), 114-119.
  • Neff, K. D., & Germer, C. K. (2013). A pilot study and randomized controlled trial of the mindful selfcompassion program. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69(1), 28–44.
  • Neff, K. D., & McGehee, P. (2010). Self-compassion and psychological resilience among adolescents and young adults. Self and Identity, 9(3), 225-240.
  • Neff, K. D., Rude, S. S., & Kirkpatrick, K. L. (2007). An Examination of Selfcompassion in Relation to Positive Psychological Functioning and Personality Traits. Journal of Research in Personality, 41(4), 908–916.
  • Raes, F., Pommier, E., Neff, K. D., & Van Gucht, D. (2011). Self-Compassion Scale--Short Form. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy.
  • Raffaelli, M., & Ontai, L. L. (2004). Gender socialization in Latino/a families: Results from two retrospective studies. Sex Roles, 50, 287-299.
  • Rose, A., McIntyre, R. ve Rimes, K. A. (2018). Compassion-focused intervention for highly self-critical individuals: Pilot study. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 46(5), 583-600.
  • Ruble, D. N., & Martin, C. L. (1998). Gender development. In W. Damon (Series Ed.) & N. Eisenberg (Vol. Ed.) (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 3. Social, emotional, and personality development (5th ed., pp. 933–1016). Wiley.
  • Sarıgül, N. (2021). Lise öğrencilerine yönelik öz-şefkat geliştirme programının riskli davranışlar üzerindeki etkisi (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Hasan Kalyoncu Üniversitesi.
  • Schore, A. N. (1998). Early shame experiences and infant brain development. Shame: Interpersonal behavior, psychopathology, and culture, 57-77.
  • Seligman, M. E. P. (1998). What is the good life. APA monitor.
  • Serçe, Ö. (2022). İnsan bakım kuramı ve öz şefkat temelli psikoeğitimin hematolojik kanser tanılı bireylerin öz şefkat, anksiyete ve depresyon düzeylerine etkisi. (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi.
  • Serpa, J. G., Bourey, C. P., Adjaoute, G. N., & Pieczynski, J. M. (2021). Mindful self-compassion (MSC) with veterans: A program evaluation. Mindfulness, 12, 153-161.
  • Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P., & Bernard, J. (2008). The brief resilience scale: assessing the ability to bounce back. International journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15, 194-200.
  • Sommers-Spijkerman, M. P. J., Trompetter, H. R., Schreurs, K. M., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2018). Compassion-focused therapy as guided self-help for enhancing public mental health: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(2), 101.
  • Şamlıoğlu, R. (2023). Öz şefkat egzersizleri temelli psikoeğitim programının ebeveynleri boşanmış ergenlerin öz şefkat düzeyleri üzerindeki etkisi. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi.
  • Tezcan, H. (2015). Rehberlik ve psikolojik danışma öğrencilerinin öz duyarlıkları ile mükemmeliyetçilikleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi.(Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Marmara Üniversitesi.
  • Tunca, A. (2022). Kadınların mutluluğunun yordayıcıları olarak öz-şefkat ve olumlu çocukluk yaşantıları. Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(2), 535-545.
  • Van den Brink, E., & Koster, F. (2015). Mindfulness-based compassionate living. Routledge.
  • Van Der Cingel, M. (2009). Compassion and professional care: exploring the domain. Nursing Philosophy, 10(2), 124-136.
  • Wilson, A. C., Mackintosh, K., Power, K., & Chan, S. W. (2019). Effectiveness of self-compassion related therapies: A systematic review and metaanalysis. Mindfulness, 10, 979-995.
  • Wollast, R., Riemer, A. R., Bernard, P., Leys, C., Kotsou, I., & Klein, O. (2019). How self‐compassion moderates the effect of body surveillance on subjective happiness and depression among women. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. 60(5), 464-472.
  • Yarnell, L. M., & Neff, K. D. (2013). Self-compassion, interpersonal conflict resolutions, and well-being. Self and Identity. 12(2), 146-159.
  • Yarnell, L. M., Stafford, R. E., Neff, K. D., Reilly, E. D., Knox, M. C., & Mullarkey,
  • Yela, J. R., Crego, A., Gómez‐Martínez, M. Á., & Jiménez, L. (2020). Self‐compassion, meaning in life, and experiential avoidance explain the relationship between meditation and positive mental health outcomes. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 76(9), 1631-1652.
  • Yelpaze, İ. (2020). Üniversite öğrencilerinde psikolojik sağlamlığın yordayıcısı olarak bilişsel esneklik: Öz şefkatin aracılık rolü. Erzincan Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 22(2), 535-549.
  • Yıldırım, M., ve Sarı, T. (2018). Öz-Şefkat Ölçeği Kısa Formu’nun Türkçe Uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 18(4), 2502-2517.
Toplam 94 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Kadın Araştırmaları
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Kıvılcım Kıran Gen Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-0368-0107

Volkan Demir 0000-0002-8148-8647

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Aralık 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 27 Ağustos 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kıran Gen, K., & Demir, V. (2023). Şefkatli Zihin Psiko-Eğitim Programının Kadınların Psikolojik Sağlamlık, Mutluluk ve Öz-Şefkat Düzeylerine Etkisi. KADEM Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(2), 395-426. https://doi.org/10.21798/kadem.2023.140