BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Insecticide resistance in two populations of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) from Turkey

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 2, 137 - 145, 26.02.2015
https://doi.org/10.16970/ted.63047

Öz

In this study, the resistance of two (Aydın and Urla) populations of T. absoluta against five commonly used insecticides (indoxacarb, spinosad, azadirachtin, chlorantraniliprole and metaflumizone) were determined. Further, the activity of insecticide detoxifying enzymes [gluthation-S-transferase (GST) and esterase (EST)] was also evaluated to confirm the resistance. Aydın population of T. absoluta had higher resistant values 8-fold, 3.79-fold, 6.4-fold and 1.84-fold for indoxacarb, metaflumizone, spinosad and chlorantraniliprole, respectively against all insecticides except azadirachtin compared to the Urla population. It was determined that in comparison with T.absoluta population from Aydın, the Urla population can be more susceptible to other insecticides except azadirachtin. GST enzyme activity was 1.5-fold higher in Aydın than the Urla populations, however, EST enzyme had similar activity in both the populations. The results of study imply that T. absoluta populations from Aydın (Turkey) can be resistant against indoxacarb, metaflumizone, spinosad and chlorantraniliprole. Increased GST enzyme activity in resistant populations confirms this resistance development. Insecticides of plant origin like azadirachtin, for which least insecticide resistance was recorded, may be applied in combination with other methods to effectively control T. absoluta.

Kaynakça

  • Abdi, H. & L. J. Williams, 2010. Newman-Keuls Test and Tukey Test, Thousand Oaks, CA.
  • Ahmad, M. & R. M. Hollingworth, 2004. Synergism of insecticides provides evidence of metabolic mechanisms of resistance in the obliquebanded leafroller Choristoneura rosaceana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Pest Management Science, 60: 465-473.
  • Ahmad, M., A. H. Sayyed, M. A. Saleem & M. Ahmad, 2008. Evidence for field evolved resistance to newer insecticides in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Crop Protection, 27: 1367-1372.
  • Astor, E. & D. Scals, 2009. The control of Tuta absoluta with insecticides compatible with integrated pest management programmes and the prevention of resistance. Agricola Vergel: Fruticultura, Horticultura, Floricultura, Citricultura, Vid, Arroz, 28: 492-495.
  • Bradford, M., 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of micrograms quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 72: 248-254.
  • Branco, M. C., F. H. Franço, M. A. Medeiros & T. L. Jose-Guilherme, 2001. Uso de inseticidas para o controle da traça-do-tomateiro e traça-das crucíferas: um estudo de caso. Horticultura Brasileira, 19: 60-63.
  • Cáceres, S., 1992. La polilla del tomate en Corrientes. Biología y control. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bella Vista, INTA, 19.
  • Cleveland, C. B., M. A. Mayes & S. A. Cryer, 2002. An ecological risk assessment for spinosad use on cotton. Pest Management Science, 58: 70-84.
  • Cordova, D., E. A. Benner, M. D. Sacher, J. J. Rauh, J. S. Sopa, G. P. Lahm, T. P. Selby, T. M. Stevenson, L. Flexner, S. Gutteridge, D. F. Rhoades, L. Wu, R. M. Smith & Y. Tao, 2006. Anthranilic diamides: a new class of insecticides with a novel mode of action, ryanodine receptor activation. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 84 (3): 196-214.
  • Dağlı, F., C. İkten, E. Sert & E. Bölünecek, 2012. Susceptibility of tomato borer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) populations from Turkey to 7 different insecticides in laboratory bioassay. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin, 42 (2): 305-311.
  • Desneux, N., E. Wajnberg, K. G. Wyckhuys, G. BurgioArpaia, C. Narváez-Vasquez, J. González-Cabrera, D. Catalán Ruescas, E. Tabone, J. Frandon, J.Pizzol, C. Poncet, T. Cabello & A. Urbaneja, 2010. Biological invasion of European tomato crops by Tuta absoluta: ecology, geographic expansion and prospects for biological control. Journal of Pest Science, 83: 197-215.
  • Desneux, N., M. Luna, T. Guillemaud & A. Urbaneja, 2011. The invasive South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta, continues to spread in Afro-Eurasia and beyond: the new threat to tomato world production. Journal of Pest Science, 84: 403-408.
  • Durmuşoğlu, E., A. Hatipoğlu & H. Balcı, 2011. Bazı bitkisel kökenli insektisitlerin laboratuvar koşullarında Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) larvalarına etkileri. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 35: 651- 663.
  • El-Mageed, A. E. M. A. & L. R. A. Elgohary, 2006. Impact of Spinosad on some enzymatic activities of the Cotton leafworm. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 9: 713-716.
  • Erler, F., M. Can, M. Erdogan, A. O. Ates & T. Pradier, 2010. New record of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on greenhouse-grown tomato in southwestern Turkey (Antalya). Journal of Entomological Science, 45: 392-393.
  • Galdino, T. V. S., M. C. Picanço, E. G. F. Morais, N. R. Silva, G. A. R. Silva & M. C. Lopes, 2011. Bioassay method for toxicity studies of insecticide formulations to Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917). Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 35: 869-877.
  • Gonçalves-Gervásio, R. C. R. & J. D. Vendramim, 2007. Bioatividade do extrato aquoso de sementes de nim sobre Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) em três formas de aplicação. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 31: 28-34.
  • IRAC, 2013. Lepidoptera insecticide mode of action classification: a key to effective insecticide resistance management, Vol. 2013. (Web page: http://www.irac-online.org/documents/lepidoptera-moa-poster/?ext=pdf (Date accessed: January 2015)
  • Kılıç, T., 2010. First record of Tuta absoluta in Turkey. Phytoparasitica, 38: 243-244.
  • Konuş, M., 2014. Analysing resistance of different Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechidaee) strains to abamectin insecticide. Turkish Journal of Biochemistry, 39 (3): 291-297.
  • Lietti, M. M. M., E. Botto & R. A. Alzogaray, 2005. Insecticide resistance in Argentine populations of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Neotropical Entomology, 34, 113-119.
  • Lowery, D. T. & M. J. Smirle, 2000. Toxicity of insecticides to obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana, larvae and adults exposed previously to neem seed oil. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 95: 201- 207.
  • Metcalf, R. L., 1967. Mode of action of insecticide synergists. Annual Review of Entomology, 12: 229-256.
  • Nannini, M., F. Foddi, G. Murgia, R. Pisci & F. Sanna, 2011. Insecticide efficacy trials for managements of the tomato borer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick)(Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), a new tomato pest in Sardinia (Italy). Acta Horticulturae (ISHS), 917: 47-53.
  • Picanço, M. C., R. N. C. Guedes, G. L. D. Leite, P. C. R. Fontes & E. A. Silva, 1995. Incidencia de Scrobipalpuloides absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) em tomateiro sob diferentes sistemas de tutoramento e controle quimico de pragas. Horticultura Brasileira, 13: 180-183.
  • Radwan, E. M. M. & H. Taha, 2012. Toxic and biochemical effects of different insecticides on the tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, 4 (1): 1-10.
  • Rattan, R. S., 2010. Mechanism of action of insecticidal secondary metabolites of plant origin. Crop protection, 29 (9): 913-920.
  • Reyes, M., K. Rocha, L. Alarcón, M. Siegwart & B. Sauphanor, 2012. Metabolic mechanisms involved in the resistance of field populations of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) to spinosad. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology,102: 45-50.
  • Robertson, J. L., R. M. Russell, H. Preisler & N. E. Savin, 2003. Poloplus: probit and logit analysis user´s guide.- LeOra software, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.
  • Roditakis, E., C. Skarmoutsou & M. Staurakaki, 2013a. Toxicity of insecticides to populations of tomato borer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) from Greece. Pest Management Science, 69: 834-840.
  • Roditakis, E., C. Skarmoutsou, M. Staurakaki, M. del Rosario Martínez-Aguirre, L. García-Vidal, P., Bielza, K.Haddi, C. Rapisarda, J.-L.Rison, A. Bassi, & L. A. Teixeira, 2013b. Determination of baseline susceptibility of European populations of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) to indoxacarb and chlorantraniliprole using a novel dip bioassay method. Pest Management Science, 69: 217-227.
  • Salazar, E. R. & J. E. Araya, 2001. Respuesta De La Polilla Del Tomate, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), a Insecticidas en Arıca. Agricultura Técnica, 61: 429-435.
  • Silva, G. A., M. C. Picanço, L. Bacci, A. L. B. Crespo, J. F. Rosado & R. N. C. Guedes, 2011. Control failure likelihood and spatial dependence of insecticide resistance in the tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta. Pest Management Science, 67: 913-920.
  • Singh, P., V. K. Singh & D. K. Singh, 2005. Effect of binary combination of some plant-­‐derived molluscicides with MGK-­‐264 or piperonyl butoxide on the reproduction of the snail Lymnaea acuminata. Pest Management Science, 61 (2): 204-208.
  • Tomé, H. V. V., J. C. Martins, A. S. Corrêa, T. V. S. Galdino, M.C. Picanço & R.N.C. Guedes, 2013. Azadirachtin avoidance by larvae and adult females of the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta. Crop Protection, 46: 63-69.
  • Walker, C. H, 1998. “Birds, 326-338”. In: Handbook of Ecotoxicology (Ed. P. Calow), Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford, United Kingdom, 885 pp.

Türkiye'deki iki Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) populasyonunda insektisit direnci

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 2, 137 - 145, 26.02.2015
https://doi.org/10.16970/ted.63047

Öz

Bu çalışmada T. absoluta'nın iki populasyonunun (Aydın ve Urla) en çok kullanılan 5 insektisite karşı (indoxacarb, spinosad, azadirachtin, chlorantraniliprol ve metaflumizon) direnç durumları tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca detoksifikasyon enzimlerinin [glutation-S-transferaz (GST) ve esteraz (EST)] aktiviteleri de direnci doğrulamak için saptanmıştır. T.absoluta Aydın populasyonunun azadirachtin hariç diğer insektisitlere karşı (Urla populasyonuna göre) sırasıyla indoxacarb, metaflumizon, spinosad ve chlorantaraniliprol'e karşı 8, 3.79, 6.4 ve 1.84 kat direnç geliştirdiği gözlenmiştir. Aydın populasyonu ile karşılaştırıldığında Urla populasyonunun azadirachtin hariç diğer insektisitlere karşı daha duyarlı olabileceği saptanmıştır. GST enzim aktivitesi Urla populasyonuna göre Aydın populasyonunda 1.5-kat fazla iken, EST enzimi için her iki populasyonda benzer sonuçlar bulunmuştur. Çalışmanın sonuçları, Aydın (Türkiye)'dan alınan bir T. absoluta populasyonunun indoxacarb, metaflumizon, spinosad ve chlorantraniliprol'e karşı dirençli olabileceğine işaret etmektedir. Dirençli populasyondaki artan GST enzim aktivitesi, bu direnç gelişimini doğrulamaktadır. En az insektisit direnci rapor edilmiş olan bitkisel kaynaklı insektisit azadirachtin diğer metodlarla birlikte bu zararlının etkili bir şekilde kontrol edilmesinde uygulanabilir.

Kaynakça

  • Abdi, H. & L. J. Williams, 2010. Newman-Keuls Test and Tukey Test, Thousand Oaks, CA.
  • Ahmad, M. & R. M. Hollingworth, 2004. Synergism of insecticides provides evidence of metabolic mechanisms of resistance in the obliquebanded leafroller Choristoneura rosaceana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Pest Management Science, 60: 465-473.
  • Ahmad, M., A. H. Sayyed, M. A. Saleem & M. Ahmad, 2008. Evidence for field evolved resistance to newer insecticides in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Crop Protection, 27: 1367-1372.
  • Astor, E. & D. Scals, 2009. The control of Tuta absoluta with insecticides compatible with integrated pest management programmes and the prevention of resistance. Agricola Vergel: Fruticultura, Horticultura, Floricultura, Citricultura, Vid, Arroz, 28: 492-495.
  • Bradford, M., 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of micrograms quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 72: 248-254.
  • Branco, M. C., F. H. Franço, M. A. Medeiros & T. L. Jose-Guilherme, 2001. Uso de inseticidas para o controle da traça-do-tomateiro e traça-das crucíferas: um estudo de caso. Horticultura Brasileira, 19: 60-63.
  • Cáceres, S., 1992. La polilla del tomate en Corrientes. Biología y control. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bella Vista, INTA, 19.
  • Cleveland, C. B., M. A. Mayes & S. A. Cryer, 2002. An ecological risk assessment for spinosad use on cotton. Pest Management Science, 58: 70-84.
  • Cordova, D., E. A. Benner, M. D. Sacher, J. J. Rauh, J. S. Sopa, G. P. Lahm, T. P. Selby, T. M. Stevenson, L. Flexner, S. Gutteridge, D. F. Rhoades, L. Wu, R. M. Smith & Y. Tao, 2006. Anthranilic diamides: a new class of insecticides with a novel mode of action, ryanodine receptor activation. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 84 (3): 196-214.
  • Dağlı, F., C. İkten, E. Sert & E. Bölünecek, 2012. Susceptibility of tomato borer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) populations from Turkey to 7 different insecticides in laboratory bioassay. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin, 42 (2): 305-311.
  • Desneux, N., E. Wajnberg, K. G. Wyckhuys, G. BurgioArpaia, C. Narváez-Vasquez, J. González-Cabrera, D. Catalán Ruescas, E. Tabone, J. Frandon, J.Pizzol, C. Poncet, T. Cabello & A. Urbaneja, 2010. Biological invasion of European tomato crops by Tuta absoluta: ecology, geographic expansion and prospects for biological control. Journal of Pest Science, 83: 197-215.
  • Desneux, N., M. Luna, T. Guillemaud & A. Urbaneja, 2011. The invasive South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta, continues to spread in Afro-Eurasia and beyond: the new threat to tomato world production. Journal of Pest Science, 84: 403-408.
  • Durmuşoğlu, E., A. Hatipoğlu & H. Balcı, 2011. Bazı bitkisel kökenli insektisitlerin laboratuvar koşullarında Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) larvalarına etkileri. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 35: 651- 663.
  • El-Mageed, A. E. M. A. & L. R. A. Elgohary, 2006. Impact of Spinosad on some enzymatic activities of the Cotton leafworm. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 9: 713-716.
  • Erler, F., M. Can, M. Erdogan, A. O. Ates & T. Pradier, 2010. New record of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on greenhouse-grown tomato in southwestern Turkey (Antalya). Journal of Entomological Science, 45: 392-393.
  • Galdino, T. V. S., M. C. Picanço, E. G. F. Morais, N. R. Silva, G. A. R. Silva & M. C. Lopes, 2011. Bioassay method for toxicity studies of insecticide formulations to Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917). Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 35: 869-877.
  • Gonçalves-Gervásio, R. C. R. & J. D. Vendramim, 2007. Bioatividade do extrato aquoso de sementes de nim sobre Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) em três formas de aplicação. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 31: 28-34.
  • IRAC, 2013. Lepidoptera insecticide mode of action classification: a key to effective insecticide resistance management, Vol. 2013. (Web page: http://www.irac-online.org/documents/lepidoptera-moa-poster/?ext=pdf (Date accessed: January 2015)
  • Kılıç, T., 2010. First record of Tuta absoluta in Turkey. Phytoparasitica, 38: 243-244.
  • Konuş, M., 2014. Analysing resistance of different Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechidaee) strains to abamectin insecticide. Turkish Journal of Biochemistry, 39 (3): 291-297.
  • Lietti, M. M. M., E. Botto & R. A. Alzogaray, 2005. Insecticide resistance in Argentine populations of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Neotropical Entomology, 34, 113-119.
  • Lowery, D. T. & M. J. Smirle, 2000. Toxicity of insecticides to obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana, larvae and adults exposed previously to neem seed oil. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 95: 201- 207.
  • Metcalf, R. L., 1967. Mode of action of insecticide synergists. Annual Review of Entomology, 12: 229-256.
  • Nannini, M., F. Foddi, G. Murgia, R. Pisci & F. Sanna, 2011. Insecticide efficacy trials for managements of the tomato borer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick)(Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), a new tomato pest in Sardinia (Italy). Acta Horticulturae (ISHS), 917: 47-53.
  • Picanço, M. C., R. N. C. Guedes, G. L. D. Leite, P. C. R. Fontes & E. A. Silva, 1995. Incidencia de Scrobipalpuloides absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) em tomateiro sob diferentes sistemas de tutoramento e controle quimico de pragas. Horticultura Brasileira, 13: 180-183.
  • Radwan, E. M. M. & H. Taha, 2012. Toxic and biochemical effects of different insecticides on the tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, 4 (1): 1-10.
  • Rattan, R. S., 2010. Mechanism of action of insecticidal secondary metabolites of plant origin. Crop protection, 29 (9): 913-920.
  • Reyes, M., K. Rocha, L. Alarcón, M. Siegwart & B. Sauphanor, 2012. Metabolic mechanisms involved in the resistance of field populations of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) to spinosad. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology,102: 45-50.
  • Robertson, J. L., R. M. Russell, H. Preisler & N. E. Savin, 2003. Poloplus: probit and logit analysis user´s guide.- LeOra software, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.
  • Roditakis, E., C. Skarmoutsou & M. Staurakaki, 2013a. Toxicity of insecticides to populations of tomato borer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) from Greece. Pest Management Science, 69: 834-840.
  • Roditakis, E., C. Skarmoutsou, M. Staurakaki, M. del Rosario Martínez-Aguirre, L. García-Vidal, P., Bielza, K.Haddi, C. Rapisarda, J.-L.Rison, A. Bassi, & L. A. Teixeira, 2013b. Determination of baseline susceptibility of European populations of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) to indoxacarb and chlorantraniliprole using a novel dip bioassay method. Pest Management Science, 69: 217-227.
  • Salazar, E. R. & J. E. Araya, 2001. Respuesta De La Polilla Del Tomate, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), a Insecticidas en Arıca. Agricultura Técnica, 61: 429-435.
  • Silva, G. A., M. C. Picanço, L. Bacci, A. L. B. Crespo, J. F. Rosado & R. N. C. Guedes, 2011. Control failure likelihood and spatial dependence of insecticide resistance in the tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta. Pest Management Science, 67: 913-920.
  • Singh, P., V. K. Singh & D. K. Singh, 2005. Effect of binary combination of some plant-­‐derived molluscicides with MGK-­‐264 or piperonyl butoxide on the reproduction of the snail Lymnaea acuminata. Pest Management Science, 61 (2): 204-208.
  • Tomé, H. V. V., J. C. Martins, A. S. Corrêa, T. V. S. Galdino, M.C. Picanço & R.N.C. Guedes, 2013. Azadirachtin avoidance by larvae and adult females of the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta. Crop Protection, 46: 63-69.
  • Walker, C. H, 1998. “Birds, 326-338”. In: Handbook of Ecotoxicology (Ed. P. Calow), Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford, United Kingdom, 885 pp.
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Melis Yalçın

Serhan Mermer Bu kişi benim

Leyla Kozacı Bu kişi benim

Cafer Turgut Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Şubat 2015
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Şubat 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 39 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Yalçın, M., Mermer, S., Kozacı, L., Turgut, C. (2015). Türkiye’deki iki Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) populasyonunda insektisit direnci. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 39(2), 137-145. https://doi.org/10.16970/ted.63047
AMA Yalçın M, Mermer S, Kozacı L, Turgut C. Türkiye’deki iki Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) populasyonunda insektisit direnci. TED. Haziran 2015;39(2):137-145. doi:10.16970/ted.63047
Chicago Yalçın, Melis, Serhan Mermer, Leyla Kozacı, ve Cafer Turgut. “Türkiye’deki Iki Tuta Absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) Populasyonunda Insektisit Direnci”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 39, sy. 2 (Haziran 2015): 137-45. https://doi.org/10.16970/ted.63047.
EndNote Yalçın M, Mermer S, Kozacı L, Turgut C (01 Haziran 2015) Türkiye’deki iki Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) populasyonunda insektisit direnci. Turkish Journal of Entomology 39 2 137–145.
IEEE M. Yalçın, S. Mermer, L. Kozacı, ve C. Turgut, “Türkiye’deki iki Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) populasyonunda insektisit direnci”, TED, c. 39, sy. 2, ss. 137–145, 2015, doi: 10.16970/ted.63047.
ISNAD Yalçın, Melis vd. “Türkiye’deki Iki Tuta Absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) Populasyonunda Insektisit Direnci”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 39/2 (Haziran 2015), 137-145. https://doi.org/10.16970/ted.63047.
JAMA Yalçın M, Mermer S, Kozacı L, Turgut C. Türkiye’deki iki Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) populasyonunda insektisit direnci. TED. 2015;39:137–145.
MLA Yalçın, Melis vd. “Türkiye’deki Iki Tuta Absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) Populasyonunda Insektisit Direnci”. Turkish Journal of Entomology, c. 39, sy. 2, 2015, ss. 137-45, doi:10.16970/ted.63047.
Vancouver Yalçın M, Mermer S, Kozacı L, Turgut C. Türkiye’deki iki Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) populasyonunda insektisit direnci. TED. 2015;39(2):137-45.

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