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William Warburton and The Eighteenth Century English Enlightenment

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 2, 687 - 712, 30.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.18513/egetid.661643

Öz

English Enlightenment was a form of enlightenment in the eighteenth century Europe and it has a peculiar character like other forms. It was trying to preserve the existing order and at the same time it was to support rationalism, individual free will and the advance of natural science by means of its attitude toward religion. However, 18th century Britain was a period in which religious controversies were regarded as direct perils both to the authority of church and state. Although English Enlightenment was emerged as a movement against the sole authority of religion like other places in Europe, it also witnessed the attempts of reconciling the civil authority and the ecclesiastical authority and the re-establishment of the Anglican Church as the established church by means of the influential Anglicans. English Enlightenment that gained a character under these conditions was affected by the intellectuals’ attempts to make an alliance between rationalism and religious enthusiasm and state and church. In this paper, these attempts are investigated through the works of one of the most influential character of the period; William Warburton. I aim to explore the reasons why an alliance between church and state emerged for maintaining the political and social order in the long eighteenth century. For this end, Warburton’s Christian interpretation of the English Enlightenment was examined and finally his reformation plan, which was introduced to support Enlightenment ideas and to preserve the power of the church and the state all at once were studied.

Kaynakça

  • Albers 1993 Jan Albers, “‘Papist traitors’ and ‘Presbyterian rogues’: religious identities in Eighteenth-Century Lancashire” in The Church of England c. 1689- c. 1833: from toleration to Tractarianism, edited by John Walsh, Colin Haydon and Stephen Taylor, Cambridge University Press. Anonymous1735 The Occasional Paper upon the Subject of Religion, and the Church Establishment; and the present attempts against them, London. Balguy 1817 Thomas Balguy, Nine Discourses on various subjects: and seven charges, delivered to the Clergy of the Archdeaconry of Winchester, London. Champion, 2003 Justin Champion, Republican Learning: John Toland and the crisis of Christian culture, 1696-1722, Manchester. Clark 2000 Jonathan Charles Douglas Clark, English Society 1660-1832 Religion, Ideology and Politics during the Ancient Regime, Cambridge. Evans 1932 Arthur William Evans, Warburton and the Warburtonians: a study in some eighteenth-century controversies, Oxford University Press. Fitzpatrick, 1996 Martin Fitzpatrick, “The Enlightenment, politics and providence: some Scottish and English comparisons”, in Enlightenment and Religion- Rational Dissent in eighteenth-century Britain, edited by Knud Haakonssen, Cambridge University Press. Gilley 1981 Sheridan Gilley, “Christianity and Enlightenment: a historical survey”, History of European Ideas. Greaves 1966 Robert William Greaves, “The Working of the Alliance, A Comment on Warburton”, in Essays in Modern English Church History, in memory of Norman Sykes, edited by G. V. Bernett and J. D. Walsh, London. Grell and Porter 2000 Peter Ole Grell and Roy Porter, “Toleration in Enlightenment Europe” in Toleration in Enlightenment Europe, edited by Ole Peter Grell and Roy Porter, Cambridge University Press. Haakonssen 1996 Knud Haakonssen, “Enlightened Dissent: an introduction”, in Enlightenment and Religion- Rational Dissent in eighteenth-century Britain, edited by Knud Haakonssen, Cambridge University Press. Horsley 1790 Samuel Horsley, A Review of the Case of the Protestant Dissenters with Reference to the Corporation and Test Acts, London. Langford 2002 Paul Langford, The eighteenth century, 1688-1815, Oxford. Locke 1726 John Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, London. Locke 1788 John Locke, A Letter Concerning Toleration, London. Miller 1994 Peter N. Miller, Defining the Common Good: Empire, religion and philosophy in eighteenth-century Britain, Cambridge. Neill, 1958 Stephen Neill, Anglicanism, London. O’Gorman 1997 Frank O’Gorman, The Long Eighteenth Century British Political and Social History 1688-1832, Oxford University Press. Pincus 2006 Steven C. A. Pincus, England’s Glorious Revolution: a brief history with documents, New York. Pitt 1838 William Pitt, Correspondence of William Pitt, Earl of Chatham. v. II, edited by William Stanhope Taylor and Captain John Henry Pringle, London. Plummer 1910 Alfred Plummer, The Church of England in the Eighteenth Century, Methuen. Pocock 1997 J. G. A. Pocock, Enthusiasm: The Anti-self of Enlightenment, Huntington Library Quarterly. Pocock 2007 J. G. A. Pocock, Conservative Enlightenment and Democratic Revolutions: The American and French Cases in British Perspective, Government and Opposition. Porter 1981 Porter Roy, “The Enlightenment in England”, in The Enlightenment in National Context, edited by Roy Porter and M. Teich, Cambridge. Sorkin 2010 David Sorkin, The Religious Enlightenment: Protestants, Jews, and Catholics from London to Vienna, Princeton University Press. Sykes 1934 Norman Sykes, Church and State in England in the eighteenth century, Cambridge University Press. Taylor 2009 Stephen Taylor, “Robert Walpole”, in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Available from http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/28601?docPos=2. Walsh and Taylor 1993 John Walsh and Stephen Taylor, “Introduction: the Church and Anglicanism in the ‘long’ eighteenth century”, in The Church of England 1689-1833: from toleration to Tractarianism, edited by John Walsh, Colin Haydon and Stephen Taylor, Cambridge University Press. Warburton 1736 William Warburton, The Alliance Between Church and State, 1th edition, London. Warburton 1745 William Warburton, A Sermon Occasioned by the Present Unnatural Rebellion. Being an Earnest Exhortation to a manly defence of our Happy Constitution in Church and State, London. Warburton 1746a William Warburton, “Advertisement” in A Sermon Preached on the Thanksgiving for the Suppression of the Late Unnatural Rebellion, London. Warburton 1746b William Warburton, A Sermon Preached on the Thanksgiving for the Suppression of the Late Unnatural Rebellion, London. Warburton 1754a William Warburton, “Of Church Communion” in The Principles of Natural and Revealed Religion occasionally opened and explained in a Course of Sermons, v. II., London. Warburton 1754b William Warburton, “Of Church Authority” in The Principles of Natural and Revealed Religion occasionally opened and explained in a Course of Sermons, v. II., London. Warburton 1756 William Warburton, A View of Lord Bolingbroke’s Philosophy, Compleat, in four letters to a friend, London. Warburton 1766 William Warburton, The Alliance Between Church and State, 4th edition, London. Warburton 1788 William Warburton, The Works of the Right Reverend William Warburton, edited by Richard Hurd, Volume:I-VII, London. Warburton 1789 William Warburton, “A Critical and Philosophical Enquiry into the Causes of Prodigies and Miracles, as related by Historians” in Tracts by Warburton, and a Warburtonian, London. Warburton 1809 William Warburton, Letters from a late eminent prelate to one of his friends, London. Watson 1863 John Selby Watson, The Life of William Warburton, London. Wykes 1996 David Wykes, “The Contribution of the Dissenting Academy to the emergence of Rational Dissent” in Enlightenment and Religion- Rational Dissent in eighteenth-century Britain, edited by Knud Haakonssen, Cambridge University Press. Yigit 2017 Pervin Yigit, “John Brown as an Independent Character from Warburton Circle”, Journal of History Culture and Art Research, 6(4), 55-68. Yigit and Özkutlu 2017 Pervin Yigit and Seyit Özkutlu, “Protestantism as the Guarantee of National Liberty in the Eighteenth Century Britain”, Journal of History Culture and Art Research, 6(6), 313-327. Young 1998 Brian W. Young, Religion and Enlightenment in Eighteenth Century England: theological debate from Locke to Burke, Oxford: Clarendon Press.

William Warburton and The Eighteenth Century English Enlightenment

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 2, 687 - 712, 30.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.18513/egetid.661643

Öz

English Enlightenment was a form of enlightenment in the eighteenth century Europe and it has a peculiar character like other forms. It was trying to preserve the existing order and at the same time it was to support rationalism, individual free will and the advance of natural science by means of its attitude toward religion. However, 18th century Britain was a period in which religious controversies were regarded as direct perils both to the authority of church and state. Although English Enlightenment was emerged as a movement against the sole authority of religion like other places in Europe, it also witnessed the attempts of reconciling the civil authority and the ecclesiastical authority and the re-establishment of the Anglican Church as the established church by means of the influential Anglicans. English Enlightenment that gained a character under these conditions was affected by the intellectuals’ attempts to make an alliance between rationalism and religious enthusiasm and state and church. In this paper, these attempts are investigated through the works of one of the most influential character of the period; William Warburton. I aim to explore the reasons why an alliance between church and state emerged for maintaining the political and social order in the long eighteenth century. For this end, Warburton’s Christian interpretation of the English Enlightenment was examined and finally his reformation plan, which was introduced to support Enlightenment ideas and to preserve the power of the church and the state all at once were studied.

Kaynakça

  • Albers 1993 Jan Albers, “‘Papist traitors’ and ‘Presbyterian rogues’: religious identities in Eighteenth-Century Lancashire” in The Church of England c. 1689- c. 1833: from toleration to Tractarianism, edited by John Walsh, Colin Haydon and Stephen Taylor, Cambridge University Press. Anonymous1735 The Occasional Paper upon the Subject of Religion, and the Church Establishment; and the present attempts against them, London. Balguy 1817 Thomas Balguy, Nine Discourses on various subjects: and seven charges, delivered to the Clergy of the Archdeaconry of Winchester, London. Champion, 2003 Justin Champion, Republican Learning: John Toland and the crisis of Christian culture, 1696-1722, Manchester. Clark 2000 Jonathan Charles Douglas Clark, English Society 1660-1832 Religion, Ideology and Politics during the Ancient Regime, Cambridge. Evans 1932 Arthur William Evans, Warburton and the Warburtonians: a study in some eighteenth-century controversies, Oxford University Press. Fitzpatrick, 1996 Martin Fitzpatrick, “The Enlightenment, politics and providence: some Scottish and English comparisons”, in Enlightenment and Religion- Rational Dissent in eighteenth-century Britain, edited by Knud Haakonssen, Cambridge University Press. Gilley 1981 Sheridan Gilley, “Christianity and Enlightenment: a historical survey”, History of European Ideas. Greaves 1966 Robert William Greaves, “The Working of the Alliance, A Comment on Warburton”, in Essays in Modern English Church History, in memory of Norman Sykes, edited by G. V. Bernett and J. D. Walsh, London. Grell and Porter 2000 Peter Ole Grell and Roy Porter, “Toleration in Enlightenment Europe” in Toleration in Enlightenment Europe, edited by Ole Peter Grell and Roy Porter, Cambridge University Press. Haakonssen 1996 Knud Haakonssen, “Enlightened Dissent: an introduction”, in Enlightenment and Religion- Rational Dissent in eighteenth-century Britain, edited by Knud Haakonssen, Cambridge University Press. Horsley 1790 Samuel Horsley, A Review of the Case of the Protestant Dissenters with Reference to the Corporation and Test Acts, London. Langford 2002 Paul Langford, The eighteenth century, 1688-1815, Oxford. Locke 1726 John Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, London. Locke 1788 John Locke, A Letter Concerning Toleration, London. Miller 1994 Peter N. Miller, Defining the Common Good: Empire, religion and philosophy in eighteenth-century Britain, Cambridge. Neill, 1958 Stephen Neill, Anglicanism, London. O’Gorman 1997 Frank O’Gorman, The Long Eighteenth Century British Political and Social History 1688-1832, Oxford University Press. Pincus 2006 Steven C. A. Pincus, England’s Glorious Revolution: a brief history with documents, New York. Pitt 1838 William Pitt, Correspondence of William Pitt, Earl of Chatham. v. II, edited by William Stanhope Taylor and Captain John Henry Pringle, London. Plummer 1910 Alfred Plummer, The Church of England in the Eighteenth Century, Methuen. Pocock 1997 J. G. A. Pocock, Enthusiasm: The Anti-self of Enlightenment, Huntington Library Quarterly. Pocock 2007 J. G. A. Pocock, Conservative Enlightenment and Democratic Revolutions: The American and French Cases in British Perspective, Government and Opposition. Porter 1981 Porter Roy, “The Enlightenment in England”, in The Enlightenment in National Context, edited by Roy Porter and M. Teich, Cambridge. Sorkin 2010 David Sorkin, The Religious Enlightenment: Protestants, Jews, and Catholics from London to Vienna, Princeton University Press. Sykes 1934 Norman Sykes, Church and State in England in the eighteenth century, Cambridge University Press. Taylor 2009 Stephen Taylor, “Robert Walpole”, in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Available from http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/28601?docPos=2. Walsh and Taylor 1993 John Walsh and Stephen Taylor, “Introduction: the Church and Anglicanism in the ‘long’ eighteenth century”, in The Church of England 1689-1833: from toleration to Tractarianism, edited by John Walsh, Colin Haydon and Stephen Taylor, Cambridge University Press. Warburton 1736 William Warburton, The Alliance Between Church and State, 1th edition, London. Warburton 1745 William Warburton, A Sermon Occasioned by the Present Unnatural Rebellion. Being an Earnest Exhortation to a manly defence of our Happy Constitution in Church and State, London. Warburton 1746a William Warburton, “Advertisement” in A Sermon Preached on the Thanksgiving for the Suppression of the Late Unnatural Rebellion, London. Warburton 1746b William Warburton, A Sermon Preached on the Thanksgiving for the Suppression of the Late Unnatural Rebellion, London. Warburton 1754a William Warburton, “Of Church Communion” in The Principles of Natural and Revealed Religion occasionally opened and explained in a Course of Sermons, v. II., London. Warburton 1754b William Warburton, “Of Church Authority” in The Principles of Natural and Revealed Religion occasionally opened and explained in a Course of Sermons, v. II., London. Warburton 1756 William Warburton, A View of Lord Bolingbroke’s Philosophy, Compleat, in four letters to a friend, London. Warburton 1766 William Warburton, The Alliance Between Church and State, 4th edition, London. Warburton 1788 William Warburton, The Works of the Right Reverend William Warburton, edited by Richard Hurd, Volume:I-VII, London. Warburton 1789 William Warburton, “A Critical and Philosophical Enquiry into the Causes of Prodigies and Miracles, as related by Historians” in Tracts by Warburton, and a Warburtonian, London. Warburton 1809 William Warburton, Letters from a late eminent prelate to one of his friends, London. Watson 1863 John Selby Watson, The Life of William Warburton, London. Wykes 1996 David Wykes, “The Contribution of the Dissenting Academy to the emergence of Rational Dissent” in Enlightenment and Religion- Rational Dissent in eighteenth-century Britain, edited by Knud Haakonssen, Cambridge University Press. Yigit 2017 Pervin Yigit, “John Brown as an Independent Character from Warburton Circle”, Journal of History Culture and Art Research, 6(4), 55-68. Yigit and Özkutlu 2017 Pervin Yigit and Seyit Özkutlu, “Protestantism as the Guarantee of National Liberty in the Eighteenth Century Britain”, Journal of History Culture and Art Research, 6(6), 313-327. Young 1998 Brian W. Young, Religion and Enlightenment in Eighteenth Century England: theological debate from Locke to Burke, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm MAKALELER
Yazarlar

Pervin Yiğit

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 34 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Yiğit, P. (2019). William Warburton and The Eighteenth Century English Enlightenment. Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi, 34(2), 687-712. https://doi.org/10.18513/egetid.661643
AMA Yiğit P. William Warburton and The Eighteenth Century English Enlightenment. TID. Aralık 2019;34(2):687-712. doi:10.18513/egetid.661643
Chicago Yiğit, Pervin. “William Warburton and The Eighteenth Century English Enlightenment”. Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi 34, sy. 2 (Aralık 2019): 687-712. https://doi.org/10.18513/egetid.661643.
EndNote Yiğit P (01 Aralık 2019) William Warburton and The Eighteenth Century English Enlightenment. Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi 34 2 687–712.
IEEE P. Yiğit, “William Warburton and The Eighteenth Century English Enlightenment”, TID, c. 34, sy. 2, ss. 687–712, 2019, doi: 10.18513/egetid.661643.
ISNAD Yiğit, Pervin. “William Warburton and The Eighteenth Century English Enlightenment”. Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi 34/2 (Aralık 2019), 687-712. https://doi.org/10.18513/egetid.661643.
JAMA Yiğit P. William Warburton and The Eighteenth Century English Enlightenment. TID. 2019;34:687–712.
MLA Yiğit, Pervin. “William Warburton and The Eighteenth Century English Enlightenment”. Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi, c. 34, sy. 2, 2019, ss. 687-12, doi:10.18513/egetid.661643.
Vancouver Yiğit P. William Warburton and The Eighteenth Century English Enlightenment. TID. 2019;34(2):687-712.