Katılım Bankaları ve İslami Mikrofinans: Türkiye’deki Mevcut Durum ve Öneriler

Mücahit Özdemir

Katılım Bankaları ve İslami Mikrofinans: Türkiye’deki Mevcut Durum ve Öneriler

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2, 121 - 160, 01.12.2019

Öz

Düşük gelir grubundaki kişiler fiziki teminat eksikliği, kredi geçmişlerinin bulunmaması, operasyonel açıdan maliyetli olmaları gibi nedenlerle İslami bankaların finansman faaliyetlerinin dışında bırakılmaktadır. Bu kişilerin de çeşitli sözleşme türleri karz-ı hasen, müşâreke vb. ile ihtiyaç duydukları sermayeye ulaşmalarını sağlayan İslami mikrofinans son yıllarda Bangladeş, Pakistan, Endonezya gibi ülkelerde farklı kuruluş yapıları ile yaygınlaşmaya başlamıştır. Bu kuruluşların gösterdikleri başarılar bazı İslami bankaların da mikrofinans sektörüne yönelmesini sağlamıştır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’deki katılım bankalarının mikrofinans ile ilişkisi dünyadaki uygulamalar ve mevcut literatür çerçevesinde ele alınmış ve katılım bankalarının hem finansal hizmetler konusundaki uzmanlığı ve sahip olduğu altyapı hem de dayandığı değerler açısından İslami mikrofinans hizmeti sunması gerektiği ortaya konulmuştur. Bu alana katılım bankalarının yönelmesinin ayrıca İslami finansın toplumun genelinde yaygınlaşmasına katkı sunacağı belirtilmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler

İslami Mikrofinans, Mikrofinans, Katılım Bankaları, İslami Finans, Yoksulluk

Kaynakça

Abdul Rahman, A. R. (2007). Islamic Microfinance: A Missing Component in Islamic Banking. Kyoto Bulletin of Islamic Area Studies, 1(2), 38–53.
Abedifar, P., Ebrahim, S. M., Molyneux, P. ve Tarazi, A. (2015). Islamic Ban- king and Finance: Recent Empirical Literature and Directions for Future Rese- arch. Journal of Economic Surveys, 29(4), 637–670. doi:10.1111/joes.12113
Abunnaja, M. (2016). Microfinance: A New Reach for Islamic Banks in Tur- key. European Journal of Business and Management, 8(14), 104–116.
Ahmad, K. (2004). The Challenge of Global Capitalism: An Islamic Perspec- tive. Policy Perspectives, 1(1), 1–29. http://www.jstor.org/stable/42909126 adresinden erişildi.
Ahmed, H. (2002). Financing Microenterprises : An Analytical Study of Isla- mic Microfinance Institutions. Islamic Economic Studies, 9(2), 27–64.
Ahmed, H. (2004). Frontiers of Islamic Banking: A Synthesis of Social Role and Microfinance. The European Journal of Management and Public Policy, 3(1), 118–138.
Ahmed, H. (2013). Financial Inclusion and Islamic Finance: Organizational Formats, Products, Outreach, and Sustainability. Z. Iqbal ve A. Mirakhor (Ed.), Economic Development and Islamic Finance içinde (ss. 203–229). Washing- ton, D.C.: The World Bank.
Arif, M. (1984). Towards Establishing the Microfoundations of Islamic Econo- mics: The Basis of the Basics. Islamic Quarterly, 28(2), 61–72.
Arshad, R., Othman, S. ve Othman, R. (2012). Islamic Corporate Social Res- ponsibility, Corporate Reputation and Performance. International Journal of Social, Behavioral, Educational, Economic, Business and Industrial Enginee- ring, 6(4), 643–647.
Asutay, M. (2007a). A Political Economy Approach to Islamic Economics: Systemic Understanding for an Alternative Economic System. Kyoto Bulletin of Islamic Area Studies, 1(2), 3–18.
Asutay, M. (2007b). Conceptualization of the Second Best Solution in Over- coming the Social Failure of Islamic Banking and Finance: Examining the Overpowering of HomoIslamicus by Homoeconomicus. IIUM Journal of Eco- nomics and Management, 15(2), 167–195.
Asutay, M. (2011). An Introduction to Islamic Moral Economy (IME). İstanbul: TKBB, Presented at the Durham Islamic Finance Autumn School 2011. http:// www.tkbb.org.tr/Documents/Yonetmelikler/DIFAS-2011-IST-PR 01-ASUTAY. pdf adresinden erişildi.
Asutay, M. (2012). Conceptualising and Locating the Social Failure of Islamic Finance: Aspirations of Islamic Moral Economy vs. the Realities of Islamic Finance. Asian and African Area Studies, 11(2), 93–113.
Asutay, M., Aysan, A. F. ve Karahan, C. C. (2013). Reflecting on the Tra- jectory of Islamic Finance: From Mit Ghamr to the Globalisation of Islamic Finance. Afro Eurasian Studies, 2(1–2), 5–14.
Bahçe, A. B. ve Gümüş, Ö. (2016). Kamu Maliyesi Açısından İslamiyet’te Yok- sulluğun Görünümü ve İslami Mikrofinansın Kullanılabilirliği. Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi, 8(1), 1–18.
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Belal, A. R., Abdelsalam, O. ve Nizamee, S. S. (2015). Ethical Reporting in Isla- mi Bank Bangladesh Limited (1983–2010). Journal of Business Ethics, 129(4), 769–784. doi:10.1007/s10551-014-2133-8
Bichta, C. (2003). Corporate Social Responsibility a Role in Government Policy and Regulation? The University of Bath.
Çak, D. (2007). Kalkınmanın Finansmanının Sağlanmasında Mikrokredi Yön- temi. İstanbul Üniversitesi.
Chapra, M. U. (1991). The Need for a New Economic System. Review of Isla- mic Economics, 1(1), 9–47.
Chapra, M. U. (1995). Islam and the Economic Challenge. The International Institute of Islamic Thought, The Islamic Foundation.
Chapra, M. U. (2008). The Islamic Vision of Development in the Light of Ma- qasid al-Shariah (No: 15). Occasional Paper. London; Washington.
Demirguc-Kunt, A., Klapper, L., Singer, D., Ansar, S. ve Hess, J. (2018). The Global Findex Database 2017: Measuring Financial Inclusion and the Fintech Revolution. The World Bank. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1259-0
Dhumale, R. ve Sapcanin, A. (1998). An Application of Islamic Banking Prin- ciples to Microfinance.
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Dusuki, A. W. (2008). Banking for the Poor: The Role of Islamic Banking in Microfinance Initiatives. Humanomics, 24(1), 49–66. doi:10.1108/08288660810851469
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Participation Banks and Islamic Microfinance: Current State in Turkey and Recommendations

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2, 121 - 160, 01.12.2019

Mücahit Özdemir

Öz

Participation Banks and Islamic Microfinance: Current State in Turkey and RecommendationsLow-income people have been excluded from the financing activities of Islamic banks because they seem high risky due to their lack of physical collateral and credit history, and operational cost. However, Islamic microfinance, which enables these people to reach the capital that they need through various Islamic contract types qard al-hassan, musharakah, etc. , has become widespread in different countries such as Bangladesh, Pakistan and Indonesia in recent years. The success of these institutions has led some Islamic banks to tap into the microfinance sector. In this study, the relationship between microfinance and Participation Islamic Banks in Turkey were discussed by examining Islamic microfinance practices in worldwide applications and the available academic literature, and the study reveals that Participation Banks can offer Islamic microfinance services effectively by considering their comprehensive financial infrastructure and the Islamic values that they are based on. Also, Participation Banks can contribute to the spread of Islamic finance throughout the different strata of the society by implementing Islamic microfinance in their operations

Anahtar Kelimeler

Islamic Microfinance, Microfinance, Participation Banks, Islamic Finance, Poverty

Kaynakça

Abdul Rahman, A. R. (2007). Islamic Microfinance: A Missing Component in Islamic Banking. Kyoto Bulletin of Islamic Area Studies, 1(2), 38–53.
Abedifar, P., Ebrahim, S. M., Molyneux, P. ve Tarazi, A. (2015). Islamic Ban- king and Finance: Recent Empirical Literature and Directions for Future Rese- arch. Journal of Economic Surveys, 29(4), 637–670. doi:10.1111/joes.12113
Abunnaja, M. (2016). Microfinance: A New Reach for Islamic Banks in Tur- key. European Journal of Business and Management, 8(14), 104–116.
Ahmad, K. (2004). The Challenge of Global Capitalism: An Islamic Perspec- tive. Policy Perspectives, 1(1), 1–29. http://www.jstor.org/stable/42909126 adresinden erişildi.
Ahmed, H. (2002). Financing Microenterprises : An Analytical Study of Isla- mic Microfinance Institutions. Islamic Economic Studies, 9(2), 27–64.
Ahmed, H. (2004). Frontiers of Islamic Banking: A Synthesis of Social Role and Microfinance. The European Journal of Management and Public Policy, 3(1), 118–138.
Ahmed, H. (2013). Financial Inclusion and Islamic Finance: Organizational Formats, Products, Outreach, and Sustainability. Z. Iqbal ve A. Mirakhor (Ed.), Economic Development and Islamic Finance içinde (ss. 203–229). Washing- ton, D.C.: The World Bank.
Arif, M. (1984). Towards Establishing the Microfoundations of Islamic Econo- mics: The Basis of the Basics. Islamic Quarterly, 28(2), 61–72.
Arshad, R., Othman, S. ve Othman, R. (2012). Islamic Corporate Social Res- ponsibility, Corporate Reputation and Performance. International Journal of Social, Behavioral, Educational, Economic, Business and Industrial Enginee- ring, 6(4), 643–647.
Asutay, M. (2007a). A Political Economy Approach to Islamic Economics: Systemic Understanding for an Alternative Economic System. Kyoto Bulletin of Islamic Area Studies, 1(2), 3–18.
Asutay, M. (2007b). Conceptualization of the Second Best Solution in Over- coming the Social Failure of Islamic Banking and Finance: Examining the Overpowering of HomoIslamicus by Homoeconomicus. IIUM Journal of Eco- nomics and Management, 15(2), 167–195.
Asutay, M. (2011). An Introduction to Islamic Moral Economy (IME). İstanbul: TKBB, Presented at the Durham Islamic Finance Autumn School 2011. http:// www.tkbb.org.tr/Documents/Yonetmelikler/DIFAS-2011-IST-PR 01-ASUTAY. pdf adresinden erişildi.
Asutay, M. (2012). Conceptualising and Locating the Social Failure of Islamic Finance: Aspirations of Islamic Moral Economy vs. the Realities of Islamic Finance. Asian and African Area Studies, 11(2), 93–113.
Asutay, M., Aysan, A. F. ve Karahan, C. C. (2013). Reflecting on the Tra- jectory of Islamic Finance: From Mit Ghamr to the Globalisation of Islamic Finance. Afro Eurasian Studies, 2(1–2), 5–14.
Bahçe, A. B. ve Gümüş, Ö. (2016). Kamu Maliyesi Açısından İslamiyet’te Yok- sulluğun Görünümü ve İslami Mikrofinansın Kullanılabilirliği. Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi, 8(1), 1–18.
Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu, (2019) Aylık Bülten, http:// www.bddk.org.tr/BultenAylik, erişim tarihi: 15.08.2019
Bank Keshavarzi Iran, (2019) Social Responsibilities, https://www.bki.ir/en/ About-US/Social-Responsibilities, erişim tarihi: 14.08.2019
Bank of Khartoum, (2019) IRADA Microfinance, https://bankofkhartoum. com/sudan/microfinance/, erişim tarihi: 14.08.2019
Belal, A. R., Abdelsalam, O. ve Nizamee, S. S. (2015). Ethical Reporting in Isla- mi Bank Bangladesh Limited (1983–2010). Journal of Business Ethics, 129(4), 769–784. doi:10.1007/s10551-014-2133-8
Bichta, C. (2003). Corporate Social Responsibility a Role in Government Policy and Regulation? The University of Bath.
Çak, D. (2007). Kalkınmanın Finansmanının Sağlanmasında Mikrokredi Yön- temi. İstanbul Üniversitesi.
Chapra, M. U. (1991). The Need for a New Economic System. Review of Isla- mic Economics, 1(1), 9–47.
Chapra, M. U. (1995). Islam and the Economic Challenge. The International Institute of Islamic Thought, The Islamic Foundation.
Chapra, M. U. (2008). The Islamic Vision of Development in the Light of Ma- qasid al-Shariah (No: 15). Occasional Paper. London; Washington.
Demirguc-Kunt, A., Klapper, L., Singer, D., Ansar, S. ve Hess, J. (2018). The Global Findex Database 2017: Measuring Financial Inclusion and the Fintech Revolution. The World Bank. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1259-0
Dhumale, R. ve Sapcanin, A. (1998). An Application of Islamic Banking Prin- ciples to Microfinance.
Doğuş Grubu, (2019) KSS Raporlarımız, https://www.dogusgrubu.com.tr/ tr/kss-raporlarimiz, erişim tarihi: 20.09.2019
Dusuki, A. W. (2008). Banking for the Poor: The Role of Islamic Banking in Microfinance Initiatives. Humanomics, 24(1), 49–66. doi:10.1108/08288660810851469
El-Gamal, M. A. (2006). Islamic Finance: Law, Economics and Practise. Camb- ridge: Cambridge University Press. http://www.kantakji.com/media/8198/ fg4.pdf adresinden erişildi.
Farooq, M. O. (2009). The Challenge of Poverty and Mapping out Solutions: Requisite Paradigm Shift from a Problem-Solving and Islamic Perspective. Jo- urnal of Islamic Economics, Banking and Finance, 5(2), 45–76.
Feroz, E. H. ve Goud, B. (2009). Grameen La Riba Model: A Strategy for Glo- bal Poverty Alleviation. Journal of Islamic Economics, Banking and Finance, 5(2), 77–100.
Ferro, N. (2005). Value Through Diversity: Microfinance and Islamic Finance and Global Banking (No: 87). Milano.
Friedman, M. (1967). Capitalism and Freedom. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Goodwin-Groen, R. (1998). The Role of Commercial Banks in Microfinan- ce Asia-Pacific Region. Avustralya. http://fdc.org.au/wp-content/uplo- ads/2015/04/The-Role-of-Commercial-Banks-in-Microfinance.pdf adresinden erişildi.
Grameen Bank, (2019) Introduction, http://www.grameen.com/introducti- on/, erişim tarihi: 03.10.2019
Gregory, P. R. ve Stuart, R. C. (1995). Comparative Economic Systems (5th bs.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Haniffa, R. ve Hudaib, M. (2007). Exploring the Ethical Identity of Islamic Banks via Communication in Annual Reports. Journal of Business Ethics, 76, 97–116. doi:10.1007/s10551-006-9272-5
Hermes, N., Lensink, R. ve Meesters, A. (2011). Outreach and Efficiency of Mic- rofinance Institutions. World Development, 39(6), 938–948. doi:10.1016/j. worlddev.2009.10.018
Ibrahim, A. A. (2012). Incentivizing Microfinance for Islamic Financial Institu- tions: Financially Mainstreaming the Microenterprise. S. N. Ali (Ed.), Shari’a Complaint Microfinance içinde (Islamic St., ss. 81–128). Routledge.
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Toplam 83 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Bölüm	Research Article
Yazarlar	Mücahit Özdemir
Yayımlanma Tarihi	1 Aralık 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2019 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA	Özdemir, M. (2019). Katılım Bankaları ve İslami Mikrofinans: Türkiye’deki Mevcut Durum ve Öneriler. BDDK Bankacılık Ve Finansal Piyasalar Dergisi, 13(2), 121-160.

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