Araştırma Makalesi
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A Comparative Study on Forgiveness and Life Satisfaction

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 11 - 36, 30.12.2012

Ali Ayten Feim Gashi

Öz

Psychological studies on the theme of forgiveness have increased in
recent years. Forgiveness has been investigated with relating to many variables
like mental health, religiosity, personality etc. This article is carried out
to investigate the relationship between forgiveness propensity and
socio-demographic variables (gender and education type) and life satisfaction.
A further goal of this paper will be to describe the effect of forgiveness on
life satisfaction. In order to find out mentioned relations Interpersonal
Forgiveness Scale and Life Satisfaction Scale are applied to the
sample of 232 students from Pristina University (Pristina) and Marmara
University (Istanbul). The findings show that forgiveness and life satisfaction
are not significantly related to gender. Kosovian studens have high score than
Turkish counterparts in interpersonal forgiveness and life satisfaction.
Further, forgiveness positively effects life satisfaction.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Life satisfaction interpersonal forgiveness comparative study

Kaynakça

  • Kaynakça
  • Ahmed, R., Azar, F., ve Mullet, E., (2007). Interpersonal Forgiveness among Kuwaiti Adolescents and Adults. Conflict Management and Peace Science, 24(3), 159-170.
  • Alpay, A., (2009). Yakın İlişkilerde Bağışlama: Bağışlamanın Bağlanma, Benlik Saygısı, Empati ve Kıskançlık Değişkenleri Yönünden İncelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi.
  • Anderson, J., (2007). Forgiveness- a relational process: Research and Reflections. European Journal of Psychotherapy and Counselling, 9 (1), 63-76.
  • Ayten, A., (2009). Affedicilik ve Din: Affetme Eğilimi ve Dindarlıkla İlişkisi Üzerine Ampirik Bir Araştırma. Marmara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 37 (2), 111-128.
  • Ayten, A., (2012). Tanrıya Sığınmak. İstanbul: İz Yayıncılık.
  • Azar, F., ve Mullet, E., (2001). Interpersonal Forgiveness among Lebanese: A Six-Community Study. International Journal of Group Tensions, 30(2), 161-181.
  • Bagnulo, A., Munoz-Sastre, M. T. ve Mullet, E. (2009). Conceptuali-zations of Forgiveness: A Latin America-Western Europe Com-parison. Universitas Psychologica, 8(3), 673-682.
  • Balkin, R. S., Freeman, S. J. ve Lyman, S. R., (2009). Forgiveness, Reconciliation, and Mechila: Integrating the Jewish Concept of Forgiveness into Clinical Practice. Counseiing and Values, 53, 153-160.
  • Banmen, J., (2010). Forgiveness as Therapy in the Satir Model. The Satir Journal, 4(1), 7-23.
  • Brose, L. A., Rye, M. S., Lutz-zois, C., ve Ross, S. R., (2005). For-giveness and Personality Traits. Personality and Individual Differ-ences. 39, 35-46.
  • Bugay, A. ve Demir, A., (2012). Affetme Artırılabilinir mi? Affetme-yi Geliştirme Grubu. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi. 4(37), 96-106.
  • Bugay, A., (2010). Investigation of Social-Cognitive, Emotional and Behavioral Variables as Predictors of Self-Forgiveness. Doctorate Thesis. Ankara: Middle East Technical University.
  • Bugay, A., ve Demir, A., (2011). Hataya İlişkin Özelliklerin Başkala-rını Affetmeyi Yordaması, Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi. 4(35), 8-17.
  • Cehajic, S., Brown, R. ve Castano, E., (2008). Forgive and Forget? Antecedents and Consequences of Intergroup Forgiveness in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Political Psychology. 29(3), 351-367.
  • Davis, D. E., Joshua, N. H., Van Tongeren, D. R., Gartner, A. L. ve Worthington, E. L., (2012). Can Religion Promote Virtue?: A More Stringent Test of the Model of Relational Spirituality and Forgiveness. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion. 22, 252-266.
  • Diener, E., (2000). Subjective Well-Being: The Science of Happiness and a Proposal for a Natianal Index. American Psychologist. 55 (1), ss. 34–44.
  • Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J. ve Griffin, S., (1985). The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assesment. 49, 71-75.
  • Egan, L. A., ve Todorov, N., (2009). Forgiveness as a Coping Strat-egy to Allow School Students to Deal with the effects of Being Bullied: Theoretical and Empirical Discussion. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 28 (2), 198-222.
  • Elliott, B., (2011). Forgiveness Therapy: A Clinical Intervention for Chronic Disease. Journal of Religion and Health. 50, 240–247.
  • Enright, R. D. ve Fitzgibbons, R. P., (2000). Helping Clients Forgive: An Empirical Guide for resolving anger and restoring hope. Washington DC.: APA Books.
  • Ergüner-Tekinalp, B. ve Terzi, Ş. (2012). Terapötik Bir Araç Olarak Bağışlama: İyileştirici Etken Olarak Bağışlama Olgusunun Psiko-lojik Danışma Sürecinde Kullanımı. Eğitim ve Bilim. 37(166), 14-24.
  • Exline, J. J., (2004). Anger toward God: A brief overview of existing research. Psychology of Religion Newsletter. 29(1), 1-8.
  • Exline, J. J., Park, C. L., Smyth, J. M., ve Carey, M. P., (2011). Anger toward God: Social-cognitive predictors, Prevalence, and links with adjustment to bereavement and cancer. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 100(1), 129-148.
  • Fehr, R., Gelfand, M. J., ve Nag, M., (2010). The Road to Forgive-ness: A Meta-analytic synthesis of its situational and dispositio-nal correlates. Psychological Bulletin. 136, 894-914.
  • Fox, A., ve Thomas, T., (2008). Impact of religious affiliation and religiosity on forgiveness. Australian Psychologist. 43(3), 175–185.
  • Gassin, E. A. ve Lengel, G. J., (2011). Forgiveness and Attachment: A Link That Survives The Grave? Journal of Psychology And Theo-logy. 39(4), 316-329.
  • Hill, P., ve Hood, R., (1999). Measures of Religiosity. Alabama: Reli-gious Education Presss.
  • Hirsch, J. K., Webb, J. R. ve Jeglic, E. L., (2012). Forgiveness, Dep-ression, and Suicidal Behavior Among a Diverse Sample of Col-lege Students, Journal Of Clinical Psychology, 67(9), 896-906.
  • Hong, Y. J. ve Jacinto, G. A., (2012). Six Step Therapeutic Process to Facilitate Forgiveness of Self and Others, Clinical Social Work Jo-urnal. 40, 366–375.
  • Hui, E. K. P., Watkins, D., Wong, T., ve Sun, R., (2006). Religion and Forgiveness from a Hong Kong Chinese Perspective. Pastoral Psychology. 55, 183-195.
  • Inazu, J. D., (2009). No Future Without (Personal) Forgiveness: Reexamining the Role of Forgiveness in Transitional Justice, Human Rights Review. 10, 309–326.
  • İnak, S., (2010). The Turkish Translation, Reliability and Validity Study of Enright Forgiveness Inventory. Master Thesis. Nicosia: Near East University.
  • Jose, O. A., ve Alfons, V., (2007). Religiosity and Forgiveness among first-married and remarried adults. Mental Health, Religion ve Culture. 10 (4), 379-94.
  • Kara, E., (2009). Dini ve Psikolojik Açıdan Bağışlayıcılığın Terapötik Değeri. Uluslar arası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi. 2(8), 221-229.
  • Kim, L. M., Johnson, J. L., ve Ripley, J., (2011). A “Perfect” Storm: Perfectionism, Forgiveness, and Marital Satisfaction, Individual Differences Research. 9(4), 199-209.
  • Krause, N., (2012). Studying Forgiveness Among Older Whites, Ol-der Blacks, and Older Mexican Americans Journal of Religion, Spi-rituality ve Aging. 24, 325–344.
  • Krause, N., ve Ellison, C. G., (2003). Forgiveness by God, For-giveness of Others, and Psychological Well-Being in Late Life. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 42 (1), 77-93.
  • Lander, A., (2012). Toward the Incorporation of Forgiveness The-rapy in Healing the Wounds of Eating Disorders: A Case Study in Self-Forgiveness. Clinical Case Studies. 11(2) 119–139.
  • Lawler-Row, K. A., Hyatt-Edwards, L., Wuensch, K. L. ve Karre-mans, J. C., (2011). Forgiveness and health: The role of attach-ment. Personal Relationships. 18 (2011), 170–183.
  • Lawler-Row, K., ve Piferi, R. L. (2006). The Forgiving Personality: Describing a life well lived? Personality and Individual Differences. 41, 1009-1020.
  • Macaskill, A., (2007). Exploring religious involvement, forgiveness, trust and cynicism. Mental Health, ReligionveCulture, 10 (3), 203-218.
  • Macaskill, A., (2012). Differentiating Dispositional Self- Forgiveness from Other-Forgiveness: Associations with Mental Health and Life Satisfaction, Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology. 31(1), 28-50.
  • McConnell, J. M. ve Dixon D. N., (2012). Perceived Forgiveness from God and Self-Forgiveness. Journal of Psychology and Christi-anity. 31(1), 31-39.
  • McCullough, M. E., Bellah, C. G., Kilpatrick, S. D. ve Johnson, J. L., (2001). Vengefulness: Relationships with Forgiveness, Rumina-tion, Well-Being, and the Big Five. Personality and Social Psycho-logy Bulletin. 27, 601-610.
  • McCullough, M. ve Witvliet, V., (2005). The Psychology of For-giveness. In C. R. Snyder (Ed.), Handbook of Positive Psychology, (pp. 446-458). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • McFarland, M. J., Smith, C. A., Toussaint, L. ve Thomas, P. A., (2012). Forgiveness of Others and Health: Do Race and Neigh-borhood Matter? The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences. 67(1), 66–75.
  • Messay, B., Dixon, L. J. ve Rye, M. S., (2012). The relationship between Quest religious orientation, forgiveness, and mental health. Mental Health, Religion ve Culture, 15(3), 315–333.
  • Mullet, E. ve Azar, F., (2009). Apologies, Repentance, and Forgive-ness: A Muslim–Christian Comparison. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion. 19, 275–285.
  • Mullet, E., Nann, S., ve Kadiangandu, J., (2010). The granting of forgiveness in an intergroup context: African and Asian social representations. Social Science Information. 49(2), 195-214.
  • Neto, F. ve Mullet, E., (2004). Personality, Self-esteem, and Self-construal as Correlates of Forgivingness. European Journal of Per-sonality. 18, 15–30.
  • Neto, F., Pinto, M. C., ve Mullet, E., (2007). Intergroup Forgiveness: East Timorese and Angolan Perspectives. Journal of Peace Re-search, 44(6), 711-728.
  • Norrish, J. M. ve Vella-Brodrick, D. A., (2009). Positive Psychology and Adolescents: Where are we now? Where to from here? Australian Psychologist. 44(4), ss. 270-278.
  • Paz, R., Neto, F. ve Mullet, E., (2008). Forgiveness: A China–Western Europe Comparison, The Journal of Psychology. 142 (2), 147–157.
  • Rangganadhan, A. R. ve Todorov, N., (2010). Personality And Self-Forgiveness: The Roles Of Shame, Guilt, Empathy And Concilia-tory Behavior. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 29 (1), 1 -22.
  • Reich, H. A., (2009). Forgiveness in Early Adolescence: Coping and Conceptualisation. Doctorate Thesis. Wheaton: Wheaton College.
  • Rhoades, G. K., ve diğerleri., (2007). Forgiving the September 11th terrorists: Associations with coping, psychological distress, and religiosity. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 20(2), 109-128.
  • Riek, B. M., (2010). Transgressions, Guilt, and Forgiveness: A Model of Seeking Forgiveness. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 38 (4), 246-254.
  • Rijavec, M., ve Jurcec, L., (2010). Gender Differences in the Relation-ship between Forgiveness and Depression/Happiness. Psihogijske Teme.19(1), 189-202.
  • Romero, C., ve Mitchell, D. B., (2008). Forgiveness of Interpersonal Offenses in Younger and Older Roman Catholic Women. Journal of Adult Development. 15, 55–61.
  • Rye, M. S., ve Pargament, K. I., (2002). “Forgiveness and romantic relationships in college: Can it heal the wounded heart?”, Jour-nal of Clinical Psychology, 58, 419-441.
  • Sastre, M., Munoz, T., Vinsonneau, G., Neto, F., Girard, M. ve Mul-let, E., (2003). Forgivingness and satisfaction with life. Journal of Happiness Studies. 4, 323-335.
  • Scherer, Michael, Everett L. Worthington Jr., Joshua N. Hook,Kathryn L. Campana, Steven L. West ve Aubrey L. Gart-ner (2011). Forgiveness and Cohesion in Familial Perceptions of Alcohol Misuse. Journal of Counseling ve Development. 90, 160-68.
  • Suchday, S., Friedberg, J. P., ve Almeida, M., (2006). Forgiveness and rumination: Across-culturalperspective comparing India and theUS, Stress and Health, 22, 81–89.
  • Taysi, E., (2010). Evlilikte Bağışlama: Evlilik Uyumu ve Yüklemele-rin Rolü. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi. 25(65), 40-52.
  • Turnage, B. F., Hong, Y. J., Stevenson, A. P., ve Edwards, B., (2012). Social Work Students’ Perceptions of Themselves and Others: Self-Esteem, Empathy, and Forgiveness. Journal of Social Service Research, 38, 89–99.
  • Vitz, P., ve Meade, J. M., (2011) Self-forgiveness in Psychology and Psychotherapy: A Critique. Journal of Religion and Health, 50(2), 248-263.
  • Webb, J. R., Dula, C. S., ve Brewer, K., (2012). Forgiveness and Aggression Among College Students. Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health. 14, 38–58.
  • Webb, M., Chickering, S. A., Colburn, T. A., Heisler, D., ve Call, S., (2005). Religiosity and Dispositional Forgiveness. Review of Reli-gious Research. 46(4), 355-370.
  • Witvliet, C. V., Worthington, E. L. Jr., Pietrini, P., ve. Lerner, A. J., (2007). Forgiveness, Health, and Well-Being: A Review of Evi-dence for Emotional Versus Decisional Forgiveness, Disposi-tional Forgivingness, and Reduced Unforgiveness. Journal of Be-havioural Medicine. 30 (4), 291-302.
  • Worthington, E. L. Jr., Kurusu, T. A., Collins, W., Berry, J. W., Rip-ley, J. S., ve Baier, S. N., (2000).
  • Forgiveness Usually Takes Time: A Lesson Learned By Studying Interventions to Promote Forgiveness. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 28 (1), 3-20.
  • Worthington, E. L., (2006). Forgiveness and Reconciliation: Theory and Application. New York: Routledge.
  • Worthington, E. L., ve Jennings, D. J., Diblasio, F. A., (2010). Inter-ventions to Promote Forgiveness in Couple and Family Context: Conceptualization, Review, and Analysis. Journal of Psychology and Theology. 38(4), 231-245.

AFFETME VE HAYAT MEMNUNİYETİ ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 11 - 36, 30.12.2012

Ali Ayten Feim Gashi

Öz

Makale,
özellikle son on yılda pozitif psikoloji yaklaşımının da gelişmesiyle,
psikoloji ve din psikolojisi sahalarında fazlaca çalışılan affetme konusunu,
yapılan alan araştırmasının bulguları çerçevesinde ele almaktadır. Söz konusu
araştırmada, temel olarak iki farklı ülkeden (Kosova ve Türkiye) seçilerek
oluşturulan örneklem çerçevesinde affetme ve hayat memnuniyeti üzerine kültürel
bir karşılaştırma yapılmaktadır. Affetmenin cinsiyet, medeni durum, alınan
eğitim türü gibi değişkenlerle ilişkisi incelenmekte, affetmenin hayat
memnuniyetine ne tür bir etkisinin olduğu araştırılmaktadır. Çalışma, tarama
yöntemine uygun, anket tekniğinin kullanıldığı bir saha araştırması
niteliğindedir. Örneklem, Marmara Üniversitesi (N=113) ve Priştine
Üniversitesi’nin (N=119) farklı bölümlerinde okuyan 232 öğrenciden
oluşmaktadır. Örnekleme, “Affetme Eğilimi Ölçeği” ve “Hayat
Memnuniyeti Ölçeği” uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, affetme
eğilimi ve hayat memnuniyeti ile cinsiyet arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığı,
buna karşın medeni durum ve alınan eğitim türüne göre affetme eğilimi ve hayat
memnuniyetinin farklılık gösterdiği anlaşılmıştır. Ayrıca, Kosovalı
öğrencilerin affetme ve hayat memnuniyeti düzeylerinin Türk öğrencilere göre
daha yüksek olduğu ve affetmenin hayat memnuniyetini olumlu yönde etkilediği
tespit edilmiştir.



Anahtar
Sözcükler: Hayat
memnuniyeti, kişilerarası affetme, karşılaştırmalı araştırma.Makale,
özellikle son on yılda pozitif psikoloji yaklaşımının da gelişmesiyle,
psikoloji ve din psikolojisi sahalarında fazlaca çalışılan affetme konusunu,
yapılan alan araştırmasının bulguları çerçevesinde ele almaktadır. Söz konusu
araştırmada, temel olarak iki farklı ülkeden (Kosova ve Türkiye) seçilerek
oluşturulan örneklem çerçevesinde affetme ve hayat memnuniyeti üzerine kültürel
bir karşılaştırma yapılmaktadır. Affetmenin cinsiyet, medeni durum, alınan
eğitim türü gibi değişkenlerle ilişkisi incelenmekte, affetmenin hayat
memnuniyetine ne tür bir etkisinin olduğu araştırılmaktadır. Çalışma, tarama
yöntemine uygun, anket tekniğinin kullanıldığı bir saha araştırması
niteliğindedir. Örneklem, Marmara Üniversitesi (N=113) ve Priştine
Üniversitesi’nin (N=119) farklı bölümlerinde okuyan 232 öğrenciden
oluşmaktadır. Örnekleme, “Affetme Eğilimi Ölçeği” ve “Hayat
Memnuniyeti Ölçeği” uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, affetme
eğilimi ve hayat memnuniyeti ile cinsiyet arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığı,
buna karşın medeni durum ve alınan eğitim türüne göre affetme eğilimi ve hayat
memnuniyetinin farklılık gösterdiği anlaşılmıştır. Ayrıca, Kosovalı
öğrencilerin affetme ve hayat memnuniyeti düzeylerinin Türk öğrencilere göre
daha yüksek olduğu ve affetmenin hayat memnuniyetini olumlu yönde etkilediği
tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hayat memnuniyeti kişilerarası affetme karşılaştırmalı araştırma

Kaynakça

  • Kaynakça
  • Ahmed, R., Azar, F., ve Mullet, E., (2007). Interpersonal Forgiveness among Kuwaiti Adolescents and Adults. Conflict Management and Peace Science, 24(3), 159-170.
  • Alpay, A., (2009). Yakın İlişkilerde Bağışlama: Bağışlamanın Bağlanma, Benlik Saygısı, Empati ve Kıskançlık Değişkenleri Yönünden İncelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi.
  • Anderson, J., (2007). Forgiveness- a relational process: Research and Reflections. European Journal of Psychotherapy and Counselling, 9 (1), 63-76.
  • Ayten, A., (2009). Affedicilik ve Din: Affetme Eğilimi ve Dindarlıkla İlişkisi Üzerine Ampirik Bir Araştırma. Marmara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 37 (2), 111-128.
  • Ayten, A., (2012). Tanrıya Sığınmak. İstanbul: İz Yayıncılık.
  • Azar, F., ve Mullet, E., (2001). Interpersonal Forgiveness among Lebanese: A Six-Community Study. International Journal of Group Tensions, 30(2), 161-181.
  • Bagnulo, A., Munoz-Sastre, M. T. ve Mullet, E. (2009). Conceptuali-zations of Forgiveness: A Latin America-Western Europe Com-parison. Universitas Psychologica, 8(3), 673-682.
  • Balkin, R. S., Freeman, S. J. ve Lyman, S. R., (2009). Forgiveness, Reconciliation, and Mechila: Integrating the Jewish Concept of Forgiveness into Clinical Practice. Counseiing and Values, 53, 153-160.
  • Banmen, J., (2010). Forgiveness as Therapy in the Satir Model. The Satir Journal, 4(1), 7-23.
  • Brose, L. A., Rye, M. S., Lutz-zois, C., ve Ross, S. R., (2005). For-giveness and Personality Traits. Personality and Individual Differ-ences. 39, 35-46.
  • Bugay, A. ve Demir, A., (2012). Affetme Artırılabilinir mi? Affetme-yi Geliştirme Grubu. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi. 4(37), 96-106.
  • Bugay, A., (2010). Investigation of Social-Cognitive, Emotional and Behavioral Variables as Predictors of Self-Forgiveness. Doctorate Thesis. Ankara: Middle East Technical University.
  • Bugay, A., ve Demir, A., (2011). Hataya İlişkin Özelliklerin Başkala-rını Affetmeyi Yordaması, Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi. 4(35), 8-17.
  • Cehajic, S., Brown, R. ve Castano, E., (2008). Forgive and Forget? Antecedents and Consequences of Intergroup Forgiveness in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Political Psychology. 29(3), 351-367.
  • Davis, D. E., Joshua, N. H., Van Tongeren, D. R., Gartner, A. L. ve Worthington, E. L., (2012). Can Religion Promote Virtue?: A More Stringent Test of the Model of Relational Spirituality and Forgiveness. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion. 22, 252-266.
  • Diener, E., (2000). Subjective Well-Being: The Science of Happiness and a Proposal for a Natianal Index. American Psychologist. 55 (1), ss. 34–44.
  • Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J. ve Griffin, S., (1985). The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assesment. 49, 71-75.
  • Egan, L. A., ve Todorov, N., (2009). Forgiveness as a Coping Strat-egy to Allow School Students to Deal with the effects of Being Bullied: Theoretical and Empirical Discussion. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 28 (2), 198-222.
  • Elliott, B., (2011). Forgiveness Therapy: A Clinical Intervention for Chronic Disease. Journal of Religion and Health. 50, 240–247.
  • Enright, R. D. ve Fitzgibbons, R. P., (2000). Helping Clients Forgive: An Empirical Guide for resolving anger and restoring hope. Washington DC.: APA Books.
  • Ergüner-Tekinalp, B. ve Terzi, Ş. (2012). Terapötik Bir Araç Olarak Bağışlama: İyileştirici Etken Olarak Bağışlama Olgusunun Psiko-lojik Danışma Sürecinde Kullanımı. Eğitim ve Bilim. 37(166), 14-24.
  • Exline, J. J., (2004). Anger toward God: A brief overview of existing research. Psychology of Religion Newsletter. 29(1), 1-8.
  • Exline, J. J., Park, C. L., Smyth, J. M., ve Carey, M. P., (2011). Anger toward God: Social-cognitive predictors, Prevalence, and links with adjustment to bereavement and cancer. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 100(1), 129-148.
  • Fehr, R., Gelfand, M. J., ve Nag, M., (2010). The Road to Forgive-ness: A Meta-analytic synthesis of its situational and dispositio-nal correlates. Psychological Bulletin. 136, 894-914.
  • Fox, A., ve Thomas, T., (2008). Impact of religious affiliation and religiosity on forgiveness. Australian Psychologist. 43(3), 175–185.
  • Gassin, E. A. ve Lengel, G. J., (2011). Forgiveness and Attachment: A Link That Survives The Grave? Journal of Psychology And Theo-logy. 39(4), 316-329.
  • Hill, P., ve Hood, R., (1999). Measures of Religiosity. Alabama: Reli-gious Education Presss.
  • Hirsch, J. K., Webb, J. R. ve Jeglic, E. L., (2012). Forgiveness, Dep-ression, and Suicidal Behavior Among a Diverse Sample of Col-lege Students, Journal Of Clinical Psychology, 67(9), 896-906.
  • Hong, Y. J. ve Jacinto, G. A., (2012). Six Step Therapeutic Process to Facilitate Forgiveness of Self and Others, Clinical Social Work Jo-urnal. 40, 366–375.
  • Hui, E. K. P., Watkins, D., Wong, T., ve Sun, R., (2006). Religion and Forgiveness from a Hong Kong Chinese Perspective. Pastoral Psychology. 55, 183-195.
  • Inazu, J. D., (2009). No Future Without (Personal) Forgiveness: Reexamining the Role of Forgiveness in Transitional Justice, Human Rights Review. 10, 309–326.
  • İnak, S., (2010). The Turkish Translation, Reliability and Validity Study of Enright Forgiveness Inventory. Master Thesis. Nicosia: Near East University.
  • Jose, O. A., ve Alfons, V., (2007). Religiosity and Forgiveness among first-married and remarried adults. Mental Health, Religion ve Culture. 10 (4), 379-94.
  • Kara, E., (2009). Dini ve Psikolojik Açıdan Bağışlayıcılığın Terapötik Değeri. Uluslar arası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi. 2(8), 221-229.
  • Kim, L. M., Johnson, J. L., ve Ripley, J., (2011). A “Perfect” Storm: Perfectionism, Forgiveness, and Marital Satisfaction, Individual Differences Research. 9(4), 199-209.
  • Krause, N., (2012). Studying Forgiveness Among Older Whites, Ol-der Blacks, and Older Mexican Americans Journal of Religion, Spi-rituality ve Aging. 24, 325–344.
  • Krause, N., ve Ellison, C. G., (2003). Forgiveness by God, For-giveness of Others, and Psychological Well-Being in Late Life. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 42 (1), 77-93.
  • Lander, A., (2012). Toward the Incorporation of Forgiveness The-rapy in Healing the Wounds of Eating Disorders: A Case Study in Self-Forgiveness. Clinical Case Studies. 11(2) 119–139.
  • Lawler-Row, K. A., Hyatt-Edwards, L., Wuensch, K. L. ve Karre-mans, J. C., (2011). Forgiveness and health: The role of attach-ment. Personal Relationships. 18 (2011), 170–183.
  • Lawler-Row, K., ve Piferi, R. L. (2006). The Forgiving Personality: Describing a life well lived? Personality and Individual Differences. 41, 1009-1020.
  • Macaskill, A., (2007). Exploring religious involvement, forgiveness, trust and cynicism. Mental Health, ReligionveCulture, 10 (3), 203-218.
  • Macaskill, A., (2012). Differentiating Dispositional Self- Forgiveness from Other-Forgiveness: Associations with Mental Health and Life Satisfaction, Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology. 31(1), 28-50.
  • McConnell, J. M. ve Dixon D. N., (2012). Perceived Forgiveness from God and Self-Forgiveness. Journal of Psychology and Christi-anity. 31(1), 31-39.
  • McCullough, M. E., Bellah, C. G., Kilpatrick, S. D. ve Johnson, J. L., (2001). Vengefulness: Relationships with Forgiveness, Rumina-tion, Well-Being, and the Big Five. Personality and Social Psycho-logy Bulletin. 27, 601-610.
  • McCullough, M. ve Witvliet, V., (2005). The Psychology of For-giveness. In C. R. Snyder (Ed.), Handbook of Positive Psychology, (pp. 446-458). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • McFarland, M. J., Smith, C. A., Toussaint, L. ve Thomas, P. A., (2012). Forgiveness of Others and Health: Do Race and Neigh-borhood Matter? The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences. 67(1), 66–75.
  • Messay, B., Dixon, L. J. ve Rye, M. S., (2012). The relationship between Quest religious orientation, forgiveness, and mental health. Mental Health, Religion ve Culture, 15(3), 315–333.
  • Mullet, E. ve Azar, F., (2009). Apologies, Repentance, and Forgive-ness: A Muslim–Christian Comparison. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion. 19, 275–285.
  • Mullet, E., Nann, S., ve Kadiangandu, J., (2010). The granting of forgiveness in an intergroup context: African and Asian social representations. Social Science Information. 49(2), 195-214.
  • Neto, F. ve Mullet, E., (2004). Personality, Self-esteem, and Self-construal as Correlates of Forgivingness. European Journal of Per-sonality. 18, 15–30.
  • Neto, F., Pinto, M. C., ve Mullet, E., (2007). Intergroup Forgiveness: East Timorese and Angolan Perspectives. Journal of Peace Re-search, 44(6), 711-728.
  • Norrish, J. M. ve Vella-Brodrick, D. A., (2009). Positive Psychology and Adolescents: Where are we now? Where to from here? Australian Psychologist. 44(4), ss. 270-278.
  • Paz, R., Neto, F. ve Mullet, E., (2008). Forgiveness: A China–Western Europe Comparison, The Journal of Psychology. 142 (2), 147–157.
  • Rangganadhan, A. R. ve Todorov, N., (2010). Personality And Self-Forgiveness: The Roles Of Shame, Guilt, Empathy And Concilia-tory Behavior. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 29 (1), 1 -22.
  • Reich, H. A., (2009). Forgiveness in Early Adolescence: Coping and Conceptualisation. Doctorate Thesis. Wheaton: Wheaton College.
  • Rhoades, G. K., ve diğerleri., (2007). Forgiving the September 11th terrorists: Associations with coping, psychological distress, and religiosity. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 20(2), 109-128.
  • Riek, B. M., (2010). Transgressions, Guilt, and Forgiveness: A Model of Seeking Forgiveness. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 38 (4), 246-254.
  • Rijavec, M., ve Jurcec, L., (2010). Gender Differences in the Relation-ship between Forgiveness and Depression/Happiness. Psihogijske Teme.19(1), 189-202.
  • Romero, C., ve Mitchell, D. B., (2008). Forgiveness of Interpersonal Offenses in Younger and Older Roman Catholic Women. Journal of Adult Development. 15, 55–61.
  • Rye, M. S., ve Pargament, K. I., (2002). “Forgiveness and romantic relationships in college: Can it heal the wounded heart?”, Jour-nal of Clinical Psychology, 58, 419-441.
  • Sastre, M., Munoz, T., Vinsonneau, G., Neto, F., Girard, M. ve Mul-let, E., (2003). Forgivingness and satisfaction with life. Journal of Happiness Studies. 4, 323-335.
  • Scherer, Michael, Everett L. Worthington Jr., Joshua N. Hook,Kathryn L. Campana, Steven L. West ve Aubrey L. Gart-ner (2011). Forgiveness and Cohesion in Familial Perceptions of Alcohol Misuse. Journal of Counseling ve Development. 90, 160-68.
  • Suchday, S., Friedberg, J. P., ve Almeida, M., (2006). Forgiveness and rumination: Across-culturalperspective comparing India and theUS, Stress and Health, 22, 81–89.
  • Taysi, E., (2010). Evlilikte Bağışlama: Evlilik Uyumu ve Yüklemele-rin Rolü. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi. 25(65), 40-52.
  • Turnage, B. F., Hong, Y. J., Stevenson, A. P., ve Edwards, B., (2012). Social Work Students’ Perceptions of Themselves and Others: Self-Esteem, Empathy, and Forgiveness. Journal of Social Service Research, 38, 89–99.
  • Vitz, P., ve Meade, J. M., (2011) Self-forgiveness in Psychology and Psychotherapy: A Critique. Journal of Religion and Health, 50(2), 248-263.
  • Webb, J. R., Dula, C. S., ve Brewer, K., (2012). Forgiveness and Aggression Among College Students. Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health. 14, 38–58.
  • Webb, M., Chickering, S. A., Colburn, T. A., Heisler, D., ve Call, S., (2005). Religiosity and Dispositional Forgiveness. Review of Reli-gious Research. 46(4), 355-370.
  • Witvliet, C. V., Worthington, E. L. Jr., Pietrini, P., ve. Lerner, A. J., (2007). Forgiveness, Health, and Well-Being: A Review of Evi-dence for Emotional Versus Decisional Forgiveness, Disposi-tional Forgivingness, and Reduced Unforgiveness. Journal of Be-havioural Medicine. 30 (4), 291-302.
  • Worthington, E. L. Jr., Kurusu, T. A., Collins, W., Berry, J. W., Rip-ley, J. S., ve Baier, S. N., (2000).
  • Forgiveness Usually Takes Time: A Lesson Learned By Studying Interventions to Promote Forgiveness. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 28 (1), 3-20.
  • Worthington, E. L., (2006). Forgiveness and Reconciliation: Theory and Application. New York: Routledge.
  • Worthington, E. L., ve Jennings, D. J., Diblasio, F. A., (2010). Inter-ventions to Promote Forgiveness in Couple and Family Context: Conceptualization, Review, and Analysis. Journal of Psychology and Theology. 38(4), 231-245.
Toplam 74 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ali Ayten

Feim Gashi

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2012
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2012 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Ayten, A., & Gashi, F. (2012). AFFETME VE HAYAT MEMNUNİYETİ ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ARAŞTIRMA. Balkan Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(2), 11-36.
AMA Ayten A, Gashi F. AFFETME VE HAYAT MEMNUNİYETİ ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ARAŞTIRMA. BAD. Aralık 2012;3(2):11-36.
Chicago Ayten, Ali, ve Feim Gashi. “AFFETME VE HAYAT MEMNUNİYETİ ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ARAŞTIRMA”. Balkan Araştırmaları Dergisi 3, sy. 2 (Aralık 2012): 11-36.
EndNote Ayten A, Gashi F (01 Aralık 2012) AFFETME VE HAYAT MEMNUNİYETİ ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ARAŞTIRMA. Balkan Araştırmaları Dergisi 3 2 11–36.
IEEE A. Ayten ve F. Gashi, “AFFETME VE HAYAT MEMNUNİYETİ ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ARAŞTIRMA”, BAD, c. 3, sy. 2, ss. 11–36, 2012.
ISNAD Ayten, Ali - Gashi, Feim. “AFFETME VE HAYAT MEMNUNİYETİ ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ARAŞTIRMA”. Balkan Araştırmaları Dergisi 3/2 (Aralık 2012), 11-36.
JAMA Ayten A, Gashi F. AFFETME VE HAYAT MEMNUNİYETİ ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ARAŞTIRMA. BAD. 2012;3:11–36.
MLA Ayten, Ali ve Feim Gashi. “AFFETME VE HAYAT MEMNUNİYETİ ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ARAŞTIRMA”. Balkan Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 3, sy. 2, 2012, ss. 11-36.
Vancouver Ayten A, Gashi F. AFFETME VE HAYAT MEMNUNİYETİ ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ARAŞTIRMA. BAD. 2012;3(2):11-36.
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