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ENDONEZYALI ÂLİM HAMKA’YA GÖRE MODERN İNSANIN MANEVİYATININ TASAVVUFLA YENİDEN İHYASI

Year 2021, Volume: 21 Issue: 1, 43 - 69, 31.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.33415/daad.840293

Abstract

‘Selefîler’ bir taraftan yirminci yüzyılda modernist İslâm söyleminin anti-liberal çerçevesine oturtulmakta, diğer taraftan İslâm’ın aslî referanslarına vurgu yapan bir grup olarak konumlandırılmaktadır. Bu itibarla selefî düşünce birtakım dinî hareket ve tasavvurlara bid’at suçlamasını yönelten bir düşüncenin mümessili olarak tanıtılmaktadır. Selefîliğin bu doğrultuda, bid’at suçlamasına maruz kalan düşünce ve hareketlerin başında tasavvuf gelmektedir. Buna mukabil Selefiler, Hz. Muhammed ve ashabını da içine alacak şekilde sınırları çizilen zühd dönemini doğru bir dindarlık modeli olarak kabul etmektedirler. Bu makale, söz konusu zihniyetin kodlarını çözümleyici olarak selefîlik düşüncesi ile tasavvufu modern bir söylem şeklinde birleştiren ve daha çok Hamka adıyla bilinen Hacı Abdul Malik bin Abdul Karim Amrullah’ın (1908-1981) görüşlerini ele almaktadır. Hamka, Malay dünyasında en etkili Müslüman halk figürlerinden biridir. O, geniş bir coğrafî alanda hem selefîler arasında hem de tasavvuf çevresinde kabul görmektedir. Hamka bir taraftan tasavvufun savunucusu iken diğer taraftan “Selef”e ve “Selefî İslâm” kavramına atıfta bulunmak suretiyle farklı bir düşünce modeli oluşturmaktadır. Hamka bir yandan tasavvufu incelediği eserler ortaya koymuş, diğer yandan tasavvufu bizzat yaşayan kişilerle ilişkilerini canlı tutmuştur. Eserlerinden anlaşıldığına göre Hamka’nın tasavvuf anlayışı, irfânî ve felsefî tasavvuftan ziyade “ahlâkî tasavvuf” bağlamında değerlendirilecek bir düşünüşün izlerini taşımaktadır.

Thanks

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References

  • Aeusrivongse, Nidhi. Fiction as History: A Study of Pre-war Indonesian Novels and Novelists (1920–1942). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, Doktora Tezi, 1976.
  • Afif Hamka. Buya Hamka. Jakarta: Uhamka Press, 2008.
  • Aljunied, Khairudin. “Writing Reformist Histories: A Cleric as an Outsider History-Maker”. The Public Historian 37/3 (2015), 10-28.
  • Alperen, Abdullah. Türkiye’de İslâm ve Modernleşme. Adana: Karahan Kitabevi, 2003.
  • Archer, Raymond Le Roy. The Modernist Muslim Movement in Indonesia 1900-1942. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1973.
  • Ataöv, Türkkaya. Emperyalizmin Afrika Sömürüsü. İstanbul: İleri Yayınları, 2010.
  • Ayalon, Ami. The Press in the Arab Middle East: A History. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
  • Azra, Azyumardi. The Origins of Islamic Reformism in Southeast Asia. North America: University of Hawai’i Press, 2004.
  • Bruinessen, Martin van-Howell Julia Day. Sufism and the “Modern” in Islam. London: IB Tauris, 2007.
  • Burhani, Ahmad Najib. “Revealing the Neglected Missions: Some Comments on the Javanese Elements of Muhammadiyah Reformism”. Studia Islamika 12/1 (2005), 101-130.
  • Champion, Justin. “Seeing the Past: Simon Schama’s ‘A History of Britain’ and Public History”. History Workshop Journal 56/1 (2003), 153–174.
  • Dahm, Bernhard. History of Indonesia in the Twentieth Century. New York: Praeger Press, 1971.
  • Faisal, İsmail. “The Nahdlatul Ulama Its Early History And Contribution To The Establishment of Indonesian State”. Journal of Indonesian Islam 5/2 (2011), 247-282.
  • Fasseur, Cornelis. “Cornerstone and Stumbling Block: Racial Classification and the Late Colonial State in Indonesia”. The Late Colonial State in Indonesia: The Political and Economic Foundations of the Netherlands Indies, 1880–1942. ed. Robert Cribb. Leiden: KITLV Press, 1994.
  • Franklin, Nathan. “Islam in Indonesia: The Contest for Society, İdeas and Values”. Journal Asian Studies. 41/4 (2017), 685-687.
  • Geertz, Clifford. The Religion of Java. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1976.
  • Göksoy, İsmail Hakkı. “Endonezya’da İslâm ve Hollanda Hâkimiyeti”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 1/1 (1994), 159-196.
  • Hadler, Jeffrey. “Home, Fatherhood, Succession: Three Generations of Amrullahs in Twentieth-Century Indonesia”. 123–154. Indonesia: Cornell University Press, 1998.
  • Haedar, Nashir. Muhammadiyah and the Presence of Progressive Islam in Indonesia. Yogyakarta, Indonesia: The Central Board of Muhammadiyah, 2018.
  • Hamka. Perkembangan Tasauf dari Abad ke Abad-The Development of Sufism from Age to Age. Jakarta: Pustaka Islam, 1962.
  • Hamka. Said Djamaluddin Al-Afghany: Pelopor Kebangkitan Muslimin. Jakarta: Penerbit Bulan Bintang, 1970.
  • Hamka. Tafsir al-Azhar. Singapur: Pustaka Nasional, 1999.
  • Hamka. Tindjauan Di Lembah Nijl. Jakarta: Gapura, 1951.
  • Hashemi, Nader. Islam, Secularism and Liberal Democracy. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.
  • Hefner, Robert W. Civil Islam: Muslims and Democratization in Indonesia. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000.
  • Hefner, Robert W. Social Legacies and Possible Futures in Indonesia: The Great Transition. New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2005.
  • Hodgson, Marshall. The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilization. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974.
  • Howell, Julia Day. “Sufism and the Indonesian Islamic Revival”. Journal of Asian Studies 60/3 (2001), 701–729.
  • Mcvey, Ruth T. “Harry J. Benda: An Obituary”. The Journal of Asian Studies 31/3 (2011), 589-590.
  • Mishra, Pankaj. From the Ruins of Empire: Revolt Again the West and the Remaking of Asia. New York: Picador Press, 2012.
  • Moussay, Gérard. “Une Grande Figure de l’Islam Indonésien: Buya Hamka.” Archipel 32/1 (1986), 87–111.
  • Noer, Deliar. “Hamka and Yamin: Two Routes to an Indenosian Identity.” Perceptions of the Past in Southeast Asia’s. ed. Anthony Reid-David Marr. Singapore: Heinemann Educational Books, 1979.
  • Ricklefs, Merle Calvin. Islamisation and Its Opponents in Java. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2012.
  • Ricklefs, Merle Calvin. Polarising Javanese Society, Islamic and Other Visions (c. 1830-1930). Singapore: NUS Press, 2007.
  • Riddell, Peter. Islam and the Malay-Indonesian World: Transmission and Responses. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2001.
  • Roff, William R. “Southeast Asian Islam in the Nineteenth Century”. The Cambridge History of Islam 2/1 (1987), 162-177.
  • Roff, William R. The Origins of Malay Nationalism. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1967.
  • Rush, James R. Hamka’s Great Story -A Master Writer’s Vision of Islam for Modern Indonesia-. United Kingdom: The University of Wisconsin Press, 2016.
  • Steinberg, David Joel. In Search of Southeast Asia: A Modern History. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1985.
  • Suprapto, M. Bibit. Ensiklopedi Ulama Nusantara. Jakarta: Gelegar Media Indonesia, 2009.
  • Sutoyo, Sutoyo. “Tasawuf Hamka dan Rekonstruksi Spiritualitas Manusia Modern”. Islamıca Jurnal Studi Keİslâman. 10/1 (2015), 108-136.
  • Sülemî, Ebû Abdirrahmân Muhammed b. el-Hüseyin. Tabakâtu’s-sûfiyye. Beyrut: Dârü’l-Kütübi’l-İlmiyye, 2003.
  • Tehânevî, Muhammed b. Alî. Keşşâfü ıstılahâti’l-fünûn, Beyrut: Mektebetü Lübnan, 1996.
  • Watson, Conrad William. Of Self and Nation: Autobiography and the Representation of Modern Indonesia. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2000.
  • White, Hayden. Metahistory: The Historical Imagination in Nineteenth-Century Europe. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973.
  • Woodward, Mark. Java, Indonesia and Islam. New York: Springer Press, 2011.
  • Zaman, Muhammad Qasim. The Ulama in Contemporary Islam. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2002.

According to the Indonesian Scholar Hamka, the Reconstruction of Modern Mankind’s Spirituality Through Taṣawwuf

Year 2021, Volume: 21 Issue: 1, 43 - 69, 31.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.33415/daad.840293

Abstract

The ‘Salafists’ are placed in the anti-liberal framework of the modernist Islamic discourse in the twentieth century and on the other hand, they are positioned as a group that emphasizes the essential references of Islam. In this regard Salafist thought was introduced as the representative of a thought that incited some religious movements and imaginations to accuse bidʿa. Accordingly Sufism comes first among the thoughts and movements that are accused of bidʿa of Salafism. On the other hand, Salafists accepted the zuhd period that restricted to include the Prophet and his friends as a correct model of piety. This article examines how one of the most influential Muslim public figures, Haji Abdul Malik bin Abdul Karim Amrullah (1908-1981), a well-known Muslim scholar and clergyman in the Malay world, was accepted in both these fields. Hamka is one of the most influential Muslim public figures in the Malay world. He is accepted in a wide geographical area both among Salafists and in Sufism. Hamka is a defender of Sufism on the one hand, on the other hand, he created a different thought model by referring to “Salaf” and the concept of “Salafī Islam”. Hamka wrote works on Sufism, on the other hand, he was in constant dialogue with those who personally experienced Sufism. According to what is understood from his works Hamka’s thought of Sufism was not an intellectual and philosophical Sufism, on the contrary, his views are linked to akhlāq.

References

  • Aeusrivongse, Nidhi. Fiction as History: A Study of Pre-war Indonesian Novels and Novelists (1920–1942). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, Doktora Tezi, 1976.
  • Afif Hamka. Buya Hamka. Jakarta: Uhamka Press, 2008.
  • Aljunied, Khairudin. “Writing Reformist Histories: A Cleric as an Outsider History-Maker”. The Public Historian 37/3 (2015), 10-28.
  • Alperen, Abdullah. Türkiye’de İslâm ve Modernleşme. Adana: Karahan Kitabevi, 2003.
  • Archer, Raymond Le Roy. The Modernist Muslim Movement in Indonesia 1900-1942. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1973.
  • Ataöv, Türkkaya. Emperyalizmin Afrika Sömürüsü. İstanbul: İleri Yayınları, 2010.
  • Ayalon, Ami. The Press in the Arab Middle East: A History. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
  • Azra, Azyumardi. The Origins of Islamic Reformism in Southeast Asia. North America: University of Hawai’i Press, 2004.
  • Bruinessen, Martin van-Howell Julia Day. Sufism and the “Modern” in Islam. London: IB Tauris, 2007.
  • Burhani, Ahmad Najib. “Revealing the Neglected Missions: Some Comments on the Javanese Elements of Muhammadiyah Reformism”. Studia Islamika 12/1 (2005), 101-130.
  • Champion, Justin. “Seeing the Past: Simon Schama’s ‘A History of Britain’ and Public History”. History Workshop Journal 56/1 (2003), 153–174.
  • Dahm, Bernhard. History of Indonesia in the Twentieth Century. New York: Praeger Press, 1971.
  • Faisal, İsmail. “The Nahdlatul Ulama Its Early History And Contribution To The Establishment of Indonesian State”. Journal of Indonesian Islam 5/2 (2011), 247-282.
  • Fasseur, Cornelis. “Cornerstone and Stumbling Block: Racial Classification and the Late Colonial State in Indonesia”. The Late Colonial State in Indonesia: The Political and Economic Foundations of the Netherlands Indies, 1880–1942. ed. Robert Cribb. Leiden: KITLV Press, 1994.
  • Franklin, Nathan. “Islam in Indonesia: The Contest for Society, İdeas and Values”. Journal Asian Studies. 41/4 (2017), 685-687.
  • Geertz, Clifford. The Religion of Java. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1976.
  • Göksoy, İsmail Hakkı. “Endonezya’da İslâm ve Hollanda Hâkimiyeti”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 1/1 (1994), 159-196.
  • Hadler, Jeffrey. “Home, Fatherhood, Succession: Three Generations of Amrullahs in Twentieth-Century Indonesia”. 123–154. Indonesia: Cornell University Press, 1998.
  • Haedar, Nashir. Muhammadiyah and the Presence of Progressive Islam in Indonesia. Yogyakarta, Indonesia: The Central Board of Muhammadiyah, 2018.
  • Hamka. Perkembangan Tasauf dari Abad ke Abad-The Development of Sufism from Age to Age. Jakarta: Pustaka Islam, 1962.
  • Hamka. Said Djamaluddin Al-Afghany: Pelopor Kebangkitan Muslimin. Jakarta: Penerbit Bulan Bintang, 1970.
  • Hamka. Tafsir al-Azhar. Singapur: Pustaka Nasional, 1999.
  • Hamka. Tindjauan Di Lembah Nijl. Jakarta: Gapura, 1951.
  • Hashemi, Nader. Islam, Secularism and Liberal Democracy. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.
  • Hefner, Robert W. Civil Islam: Muslims and Democratization in Indonesia. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000.
  • Hefner, Robert W. Social Legacies and Possible Futures in Indonesia: The Great Transition. New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2005.
  • Hodgson, Marshall. The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilization. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974.
  • Howell, Julia Day. “Sufism and the Indonesian Islamic Revival”. Journal of Asian Studies 60/3 (2001), 701–729.
  • Mcvey, Ruth T. “Harry J. Benda: An Obituary”. The Journal of Asian Studies 31/3 (2011), 589-590.
  • Mishra, Pankaj. From the Ruins of Empire: Revolt Again the West and the Remaking of Asia. New York: Picador Press, 2012.
  • Moussay, Gérard. “Une Grande Figure de l’Islam Indonésien: Buya Hamka.” Archipel 32/1 (1986), 87–111.
  • Noer, Deliar. “Hamka and Yamin: Two Routes to an Indenosian Identity.” Perceptions of the Past in Southeast Asia’s. ed. Anthony Reid-David Marr. Singapore: Heinemann Educational Books, 1979.
  • Ricklefs, Merle Calvin. Islamisation and Its Opponents in Java. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2012.
  • Ricklefs, Merle Calvin. Polarising Javanese Society, Islamic and Other Visions (c. 1830-1930). Singapore: NUS Press, 2007.
  • Riddell, Peter. Islam and the Malay-Indonesian World: Transmission and Responses. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2001.
  • Roff, William R. “Southeast Asian Islam in the Nineteenth Century”. The Cambridge History of Islam 2/1 (1987), 162-177.
  • Roff, William R. The Origins of Malay Nationalism. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1967.
  • Rush, James R. Hamka’s Great Story -A Master Writer’s Vision of Islam for Modern Indonesia-. United Kingdom: The University of Wisconsin Press, 2016.
  • Steinberg, David Joel. In Search of Southeast Asia: A Modern History. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1985.
  • Suprapto, M. Bibit. Ensiklopedi Ulama Nusantara. Jakarta: Gelegar Media Indonesia, 2009.
  • Sutoyo, Sutoyo. “Tasawuf Hamka dan Rekonstruksi Spiritualitas Manusia Modern”. Islamıca Jurnal Studi Keİslâman. 10/1 (2015), 108-136.
  • Sülemî, Ebû Abdirrahmân Muhammed b. el-Hüseyin. Tabakâtu’s-sûfiyye. Beyrut: Dârü’l-Kütübi’l-İlmiyye, 2003.
  • Tehânevî, Muhammed b. Alî. Keşşâfü ıstılahâti’l-fünûn, Beyrut: Mektebetü Lübnan, 1996.
  • Watson, Conrad William. Of Self and Nation: Autobiography and the Representation of Modern Indonesia. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2000.
  • White, Hayden. Metahistory: The Historical Imagination in Nineteenth-Century Europe. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973.
  • Woodward, Mark. Java, Indonesia and Islam. New York: Springer Press, 2011.
  • Zaman, Muhammad Qasim. The Ulama in Contemporary Islam. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2002.
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Güldane Gündüzöz 0000-0003-3007-6746

Publication Date March 31, 2021
Acceptance Date March 23, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 21 Issue: 1

Cite

ISNAD Gündüzöz, Güldane. “ENDONEZYALI ÂLİM HAMKA’YA GÖRE MODERN İNSANIN MANEVİYATININ TASAVVUFLA YENİDEN İHYASI”. Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi 21/1 (March 2021), 43-69. https://doi.org/10.33415/daad.840293.